微生物菌肥与氮磷肥回补对退化高寒草甸土壤理化性质和酶活性的影响  

Effects of microbial fertilizer and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer backfilling on soil factors and enzyme activities in moderately degraded alpine meadows

作　　者：徐嘉昕 肖元明 王小赟 王雯莹 马玉花[1] 李强峰[1] 周国英[2,3] XU Jia-Xin;XIAO Yuan-Ming;WANG Xiao-Yun;WANG Wen-Ying;MA Yu-Hua;LI Qiang-Feng;ZHOU Guo-Ying(College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;Key Laboratory of Tibetan Medicine Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary,Qinghai University,Xining 810016 China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016 [2]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810008 [3]中国科学院藏药研究重点实验室,西宁810008 [4]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2025年第1期159-172,共14页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA26020201);青海省自然科学基金(2023-ZJ-902T)。

摘　　要：土壤质量下降是中度退化高寒草甸恢复的一个关键性限制原因,同时,不合理的氮磷肥施用对青藏高原生物多样性具有显著的负效应。然而,目前针对青藏高原中度退化高寒草甸土壤质量提升技术仍缺乏系统研究。因此,该研究以青藏高原中度退化高寒草甸为研究对象,在氮磷肥配施耦合微生物菌肥的处理下,对不同处理的植物群落特征、土壤理化性质及酶活性进行了研究,以探究最佳的中度退化高寒草甸土壤质量提升技术。结果表明,氮磷肥和微生物菌肥对土壤p H、酸性磷酸酶活性无显著影响,但均显著提高了地上生物量,并对土壤养分相关指标、电导率、碳氮磷循环相关酶活性的影响存在显著的交互作用。综合分析可知,施用氮磷肥和微生物菌肥均对中度退化高寒草甸有明显的恢复作用,微生物菌肥施用可改善土壤多功能性,而氮磷肥配施微生物菌肥的处理效果优于单施氮磷肥。在配施微生物菌肥225 kg·hm^(-2)的处理下,45 kg·hm^(–2)氮添加量配施20 kg·hm^(-2)磷添加量的处理作用最佳。该研究结果为促进青藏高原中度退化的高寒退化草甸修复,改善生态系统服务功能提供科学依据。Aims Declining soil quality is one of the key limiting factors for recovery in moderately degraded alpine meadows.Furthermore,the irrational application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers has a significant negative effect on the biodiversity of the Qingzang Plateau.However,there have been limited studies on the soil quality improvement techniques for moderately degraded alpine meadows on the Qingzang Plateau from a systematic perspective.The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and microbial fertilizers on soil chemical properties and enzyme activities in moderately degraded alpine meadows.Methods This study investigated the plant community characteristics,soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activities of different treatments under different treatments,including nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers coupled with microbial fertilizers,in moderately degraded alpine meadows on the Qingzang Plateau.Important findings The results indicated that both nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers,when coupled with microbial fertilizers,significantly increased aboveground biomass.A significant interaction was observed in the effects on soil nutrient-related indexes,conductivity,and enzyme activities associated with carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus cycling.Overall,the application of both nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers,in combination with microbial fertilizers,demonstrated clear restoration effects on moderately degraded alpine meadows.Microbial fungal fertilizers were found to enhance soil multifunctionality,and the combination of nitrogen,phosphorus,and microbial fertilizers yielded better results than the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers alone.The optimal physiological response was observed with the application of 45 kg·hm^(-2) nitrogen,20 kg·hm^(-2) phosphorus,and 225 kg·hm^(-2)microbial fertilizers.These findings provide a scientific basis for promoting the restoration of moderately degraded alpine degraded meadows on the Qingzang Plateau

关 键 词：土壤肥力 酶活性 土壤多功能性 微生物菌肥 高寒草甸 

分 类 号：S14[农业科学—肥料学]