艾美耳球虫投放对高原鼠兔及高寒草地植物群落特征的影响  

Effects of Eimeria spp.control of plateau pika on the plant community characteristics of alpine grassland

作　　者：姚宝辉 王蓉 谈昭贤 张妍 王义弘 王苏芹 周华坤[1,4] 曲家鹏 YAO Bao-Hui;WANG Rong;TAN Zhao-Xian;ZHANG Yan;WANG Yi-Hong;WANG Su-Qin;ZHOU Hua-Kun;QU Jia-Peng(Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Life Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,China;Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics,Xining 810008,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]青海师范大学生命科学学院,西宁810008 [4]青海省动物生态基因组学重点实验室,西宁810008

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2025年第1期199-210,共12页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA26020201);国家自然科学基金(32471603);青海省重点研发与转化计划(2023-SF-120);2024年第二批中央林业改革发展基金(2024-TG16);青海省昆仑英才高端创新创业人才项目。

摘　　要：高原鼠兔(Ochotonacurzoniae)是青藏高原优势草食小型哺乳动物,通过采食、挖掘及排泄等行为活动影响草地生态系统功能。艾美耳球虫(Eimeriaspp.)是高原鼠兔的主要肠道寄生物,具有较高的种属特异性,是一种潜在的高原鼠兔种群防控新模式。然而,艾美耳球虫防控高原鼠兔后高寒草地植被的变化情况尚不清楚。该研究选取艾美耳球虫防控高原鼠兔后的草地和对照草地,通过分析不同处理后高寒草地植被多样性、共现网络和指示种等来探究艾美耳球虫防控高原鼠兔后对草地植被群落结构的影响。结果表明:在野外投放艾美耳球虫后,高原鼠兔的有效洞口数显著下降,控鼠效果良好。艾美耳球虫投放后草地总盖度、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数和β多样性指数等均显著增高;混合效应模型的结果表明,艾美耳球虫投放对草地植被Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数的影响更大。艾美耳球虫防控高原鼠兔后植被群落共现网络分析中的群落间关联性和平均连通度增高,草地关键物种由杂类草变成了禾本科和莎草科物种。研究结果为青藏高原高寒草地生物多样性保护、高寒草地啮齿动物科学防控以及生态系统适应性管理提供新的见解。Aims Plateau pika(Ochotona curzoniae)is a dominant small herbivorous mammal on the Qingzang Plateau,which affects the grassland ecosystem function through feeding,digging and excreting.Eimeria spp.,as the main intestinal parasite of plateau pika,has relatively high species specificity and is a potential new model for population control of plateau pika.However,it is still unclear about the change of plant communities in alpine grassland after control of plateau pika by Eimeria spp.Methods In this study,the grassland after control of plateau pika by Eimeria spp.and the control grassland were selected,and the plant diversity and network stability of alpine grassland after different treatments were analyzed to explore the effects of control of plateau pika by Eimeria spp.on the plant community structure of grassland.Important findings After field placement of Eimeria spp.,the active burrow entrance of plateau pika decreased significantly.After Eimeria spp.treatment,grassland total coverage,Shannon-Wiener index,Simpson index andβdiversity index increased significantly.The results of the mixed-effects model showed that Eimeria spp.treatment had a greater impact on the Simpson index and Pielou evenness index.Increased inter-community correlations and average connectivity and stability in co-occurrence network analyses of plant communities after control of plateau pika by Eimeria spp.,and grassland keystone species changed from forbs to gramineae and cyperaceae.The results of this study provide new insights for biodiversity conservation,glires control,and ecosystem adaptive management of alpine grassland on the Qingzang Plateau.

关 键 词：艾美耳球虫 高原鼠兔 植物群落 共现网络分析 防控效果 

分 类 号：S81[农业科学—畜牧学]