根茎类中药材机械化种植装备研究现状及展望  

Research Status and Prospect of Mechanized Planting Equipment for Roots and Tubers Chinese Herbs

作　　者：陈扬洲 张华 孙伟 李辉 刘小龙 李红岭 CHEN Yangzhou;ZHANG Hua;SUN Wei;LI Hui;LIU Xiaolong;LI Hongling(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学机电工程学院,兰州730070

出　　处：《农学学报》2025年第3期60-71,共12页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目“基于机器视觉的马铃薯漏播监测与补偿系统研究”(2025B-098);甘肃农业大学技术转让横向项目“丘陵山地自走式根茎类收获机关键装置研发”(GSAU-JSZR-2024-004);甘肃农业大学自列项目“西北丘陵山地根茎类中药材机械化种收技术试验示范”(701-0722045);西北中药材全程机械化科研基地项目“立式移栽机”(2109-000000-20-01-199092);甘肃省农业农村厅农机装备研发攻关项目“山地单轨道运输机制动装置研制与智能监测预警系统应用”(njyf2024-04-1)。

摘　　要：近年来根茎类中药材的经济效益持续上涨,种植规模逐年扩大,带动根茎类中药材种植机械快速发展,当前种植机械仍然存在种植效率低、适用范围窄以及种植损耗高等问题,针对这些问题,国内外学者不断创新优化,并取得了一定的成果。通过综述,研究了国内外根茎类中药材机械化种植技术和设备研究的现状、发展动态及制约因素,目前根茎类中药材机械化种植主要为半机械化种植和机械化种植,对具有代表性的国内外相关种植机械的结构和种类进行分析总结,对漏播重播检测技术、深松整地技术和覆膜覆土技术等关键技术进行了阐述。指出国内根茎类中药材机械化种植上存在规模化种植难实现、种植机械与种植农艺结合不足、关键技术薄弱和药农接受程度低难以推广等问题,并提出相应的对策与建议,对后续的发展趋势及方向进行了展望。In recent years,the economic benefits of root herbs have continued to rise,the scale of cultivation has been expanding year by year,leading to the rapid development of root herbs planting machinery.However,the planting machinery still has the problems of low planting efficiency,narrow application range,and high planting loss.To address these issues,scholars at home and abroad continue to innovate and optimize,and have achieved certain results.The current situation,development dynamics and constraints of domestic and foreign research on mechanized planting technology and equipment for root and tuber Chinese herbal medicines were reviewed in the article,the structure,their key technologies and types of representative domestic and foreign planting machinery were analyzed and summarized.And the shortcomings of domestic mechanized planting technology for root and tuber Chinese herbal medicines were pointed out,and corresponding countermeasures,suggestions and subsequent development trend and direction were put forward.

关 键 词：根茎类中药材 机械化 种植机械 研究现状 

分 类 号：S223[农业科学—农业机械化工程]