生态环境友好型的海上可再生能源技术发展前瞻  

Outlook on the development of eco-friendly offshore renewable energy technologies

作　　者：孙朋元 江志兵 陈友淦[3] 宋晓晖 庞业珍[5] 蔡博峰 许肖梅[3] 李晔 SUN PengYuan;JIANG ZhiBing;CHEN YouGan;SONG XiaoHui;PANG YeZhen;CAI BoFeng;XU XiaoMei;LI Ye(Department of Ocean Science and Engineering,Southern University of Science and Technology,Shenzhen 518055,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem Dynamics,Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,Hangzhou 310012,China;College of Ocean and Earth Sciences,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361101,China;Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality Research Center,Environmental Planning Institute,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,Beijing 100041,China;Key Laboratory of Ship Vibration and Noise,China Ship Scientific Research Center,Wuxi 214082,China)

机构地区：[1]南方科技大学海洋科学与工程系,深圳518055 [2]自然资源部第二海洋研究所,海洋生态系统动力学重点实验室,杭州310012 [3]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,厦门361101 [4]生态环境部环境规划院,碳达峰碳中和研究中心,北京100041 [5]中国船舶科学研究中心,船舶振动噪声重点实验室,无锡214082

出　　处：《中国科学:技术科学》2025年第3期423-441,共19页Scientia Sinica(Technologica)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:U24A20196)资助项目。

摘　　要：在建设海洋强国策略的实施下,海上可再生能源技术发展在保障国家能源安全、提升经济效益的同时,带来的生态环境效应同样值得高度关注.合理开发生态环境友好型的海上可再生能源技术设备,对积极推动我国海洋经济发展和改善海洋生态环境具有重要意义.本文对现阶段海上风电、海上光伏、波浪能和潮流能等几种主要的海上可再生能源技术及其对生态环境的影响进行了综述,对比了国内外在相关方面的研究情况,并讨论了我国沿海各省市的政策和规划,在此基础上提出了生态环境友好型海上可再生能源技术的未来发展建议,为探索生态环境友好型的海上低碳能源技术方案提供有益参考.With the implementation of the strategy of building maritime power,offshore renewable energy technology development is crucial for ensuring national energy security and enhancing economic efficiency.However,such efforts can also have ecological and environmental impacts that warrant significant attention.The responsible development of eco-friendly offshore renewable energy technologies and equipment is essential for actively promoting the growth of China’s marine economy and improving the marine ecological environment,which involves the structure design,material selection,deployment location,and so on.This study examines several key offshore renewable energy technologies,encompassing offshore wind power and photovoltaics,wave energy,and tidal energy and their effects on the ecological environment,comparing the research status in these fields between other countries and China and investigating the policies and plans implemented by various coastal provinces and cities in China.With the foreseeable rapid increase in the installed capacity of offshore renewable energy equipment,it is urgent to balance the relationship between offshore renewable energy technology and the marine ecological environment.Based on this analysis,the study offers recommendations for the future development of eco-friendly offshore renewable energy technologies,providing valuable insights for exploring environmentally sustainable offshore low-carbon energy solutions in China.

关 键 词：海上可再生能源 生态环境影响 海上低碳能源技术方案 碳达峰碳中和 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]