Monitoring fossil fuel CO_(2)emissions from co-emitted NO_(2)observed from space:progress,challenges,and future perspectives  

作　　者：Hui Li Jiaxin Qiu Kexin Zhang Bo Zheng 

机构地区：[1]Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration,Institute of Environment and Ecology,Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School,Tsinghua University,Shenzhen 518055,China [2]State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex,Beijing 100084,China

出　　处：《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2025年第1期23-45,共23页环境科学与工程前沿(英文)

基　　金：supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42105094).

摘　　要：Developing an anthropogenic carbon dioxides(CO_(2))emissions monitoring and verification support(MVS)capacity is essential to support the Global Stocktake(GST)and ratchet up Nationally Determined Contributions(NDCs).The 2019 IPCC refinement proposes top-down inversed CO_(2)emissions,primarily from fossil fuel(FFCO_(2)),as a viable emission dataset.Despite substantial progress in directly inferring FFCO_(2)emissions from CO_(2)observations,substantial challenges remain,particularly in distinguishing local CO_(2)enhancements from the high background due to the long atmospheric lifetime.Alternatively,using short-lived and co-emitted nitrogen dioxide(NO_(2))as a proxy in FFCO_(2)emission inversion has gained prominence.This methodology is broadly categorized into plume-based and emission ratios(ERs)-based inversion methods.In the plume-based methods,NO_(2)observations act as locators,constraints,and validators for deciphering CO_(2)plumes downwind of sources,typically at point source and city scales.The ERs-based inversion approach typically consists of two steps:inferring NO_(2)-based nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))emissions and converting NO_(x)to CO_(2)emissions using CO_(2)-to-NO_(x)ERs.While integrating NO_(2)observations into FFCO_(2)emission inversion offers advantages over the direct CO_(2)-based methods,uncertainties persist,including both structural and data-related uncertainties.Addressing these uncertainties is a primary focus for future research,which includes deploying nextgeneration satellites and developing advanced inversion systems.Besides,data caveats are necessary when releasing data to users to prevent potential misuse.Advancing NO_(2)-based CO_(2)emission inversion requires interdisciplinary collaboration across multiple communities of remote sensing,emission inventory,transport model improvement,and atmospheric inversion algorithm development.

关 键 词：Fossil fuel CO_(2)emissions CO_(2)satellites NO_(2)satellites Emission inversion methods Uncertainty management Future perspectives 

分 类 号：O62[理学—有机化学]