人口流动对养老保险参保行为的影响——基于流动层级与经济水平的视角  

The Impact of Population Mobility on Participation in the Basic Pension Insurance——A Perspective Based on Mobility Hierarchies and Economic Levels

作　　者：边恕[1,2] 刘为玲 杨琬琨 BIAN shu;LIU Wei-ling;YANG Wan-kun

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学人口研究所 [2]辽宁大学公共管理学院 [3]山东师范大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《保险研究》2025年第2期29-41,共13页Insurance Studies

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅2023年度科研项目“辽宁省多层次养老保险体系高质量发展的系统设计与政策优化研究”(JYTMS20230735);辽宁省教育厅2024年度创新发展项目(社会服务与调查研究项目)“数字智能时代老龄社会治理前沿问题”(LJ142410140036);国家社会科学基金青年项目“生命历程视角下东北地区人口外流时空过程及内在机理研究”(22CRK006)。

摘　　要：随着我国流动人口数量的增长,流动人口的养老保险问题日益突出。本文利用产出方程和收入方程构建了流动人口跨地区缴纳养老保险费的决策模型,从理论层面分析了流动层级和流入地经济水平对流动人口跨地区参保行为的潜在影响,同时使用中国流动人口动态监测调查数据(CMDS)进行实证检验。研究发现:跨地区流动的行政级别越高,流动人口的参保比例就越低;流入地经济水平越高,流动人口的参保比例越高。以上两种效应在城镇职工基本养老保险制度和城乡居民基本养老保险制度上均表现显著。此外,流动人口养老保险参保行为在受教育程度和工作单位性质方面存在异质性。本文提出了加快养老保险全国统筹进程,加大养老保险参保宣传和引导,加强流动人口社保经办服务机构能力建设,完善流动人口参保缴费的激励和约束机制等建议。With the growth of floating population,the old-age insurance problem of floating population has become increasingly prominent.This paper constructs a decision-making model for the cross-regional payment of the basic pension insurance by the floating population by using the production function and income function.It theoretically analyzes the potential impact of the mobility hierarchy and the economic level of the inflow area on the cross-regional participation behavior of the floating population.Meanwhile,it conducts an empirical test using the data from the China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS).The research findings show that in terms of the mobility hierarchy,the higher the administrative level of cross-regional mobility,the lower the participation rate of the migrant population in the insurance.In terms of economic level,the higher the economic level of the inflow area,the higher the participation rate of the migrant population.Both of these two effects are significant in both the urban employee basic pension insurance system and the urban and rural residents'basic pension insurance system.In addition,the participation behaviors of the migrant population in the insurance vary in terms of educational attainment and the nature of the work unit.In response to this,this article puts forward suggestions such as accelerating the process of national coordination of the basic pension insurance,intensifying the publicity and guidance on the basic pension insurance participation,strengthening the capacity building of social security service institutions for the migrant population,and improving the incentive and constraint mechanisms for the participation and payment of the migrant population in the insurance.

关 键 词：人口流动 养老保险 参保行为 流动层级 经济水平 

分 类 号：F842.6[经济管理—保险] C913.7[社会学]