儿童孤独症谱系障碍早期干预训练的研究进展  

Research progress on early intervention training for children with autism spectrum disorder

作　　者：马健[1] 齐超[1] 李楠[1] MA Jian;QI Chao;LI Nan(Child Development Center,Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center,Tianjin 300070,China)

机构地区：[1]天津市妇女儿童保健中心儿童发展中心,天津300070

出　　处：《中国城乡企业卫生》2025年第2期33-36,共4页Chinese Journal of Urban and Rural Enterprise Hygiene

摘　　要：孤独症谱系障碍(ASD)是一类神经发育障碍性疾病,以社交沟通障碍、兴趣或活动范围狭窄以及重复刻板行为为主要特征,随着筛查和诊断手段的不断进步,ASD儿童的患病率逐年上升。ASD的病因和发病机制尚不明确,目前还缺乏有效的药物治疗,如何帮助患儿提高生存能力已成为当今的重点研究内容。研究证实儿童大脑具有可塑性,早期给予恰当、合理、丰富的环境刺激可使部分患儿大脑回归正常的发育轨迹。早期进行一对一干预训练配合家长教育是目前公认的针对ASD儿童最有效的干预方法,可以提高他们的社会交往技能,减少重复刻板行为,缓解情绪障碍,提高日常生活自理能力和成人后独立生活的能力,以减轻残疾程度,争取使部分患儿在成年期具备独立生活和工作的能力,减轻家庭和社会的负担。本文对儿童ASD早期干预训练进行综述,以期为儿童ASD的治疗提供参考。Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a type of neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social communication disorders,narrow interests or activity ranges,and repetitive stereotyped behaviors.With the continuous improvement of screening and diagnostic methods,the incidence of ASD in children has been increasing year by year.The etiology and pathogenesis of ASD are not yet clear,and there is currently a lack of effective drug treatment.How to help children improve their survival ability has become a key research topic today.Research has confirmed that children's brains have plasticity,and providing appropriate,reasonable,and rich environmental stimuli in the early stages can help some children's brains return to a normal developmental trajectory.Early one-on-one intervention training combined with parental education is currently recognized as the most effective intervention method for children with ASD,which can improve their social communication skills,reduce repetitive stereotyped behaviors,alleviate emotional disorders,enhance their ability to take care of themselves in daily life and live independently as adults,reduce the degree of disability,and strive to enable some children to have the ability to live and work independently in adulthood,reducing the burden on their families and society.This article provides a review of early intervention training for children with ASD,aiming to provide reference for the treatment of ASD in children.

关 键 词：孤独症谱系障碍 早期干预训练 家长教育 

分 类 号：R729[医药卫生—儿科]