数字经济时代的生产力跃迁  

Productive Force Transition in the Digital Economy Era

作　　者：刘诚[1] LIU Cheng(National Academy of Economic Strategy,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100006,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院财经战略研究院,北京100006

出　　处：《财经问题研究》2025年第3期33-45,共13页Research On Financial and Economic Issues

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“平台经济的市场竞争与资源配置效率研究”(23BJY059)。

摘　　要：前三次产业革命时期,英美日生产力跃迁主要依托工业技术及其经济形态,而当前中国处于第四次产业革命历史机遇期,正依托数字技术和数字经济形态发展新质生产力、推动生产力跃迁。本文从“技术—要素—产业—生产关系”四个方面论述数字经济时代新质生产力的跃迁特征,具体包括:通用技术由机械化、电气化和自动化变为智能化,技术动力由热力变为算力;主要驱动要素由资本变为数据,要素组合形式由生产函数变为算法;产业形态由行业垄断变为数字生态系统;劳资关系由资本雇佣劳动变为契约独立性提高与虚拟控制加强并存。本文基于生产力三要素探寻中国发展新质生产力的路径选择:强化数字技术对劳动者的赋能,为新质生产力提供高技能劳动者;加快数字基础设施建设,为新质生产力提供更新质的劳动资料;推动现代化产业体系建设,为新质生产力提供更广泛的劳动对象;调整优化生产关系,以制度改革打通束缚新质生产力发展的堵点卡点。Every major leap in global productive forces is based on the industrial form at that time,and there is a common evolution of technological structure and economic and social systems.During the first three industrial revolutions,the leap in productive forces in Britain,the United States,and Japan mainly relied on industrial technology and its economic form,while at present China is developing new quality productive forces in the era of the digital economy.This paper discusses the transition characteristics of the new quality productive forces in the digital economy era from aspects of technology,factor,industry,and production relations.The research findings are as follows.First,the general technology has changed from mechanization,electrification,and automation to intelligence,and the technical power has changed from heat to computing power.Second,the main driver for productive force transition changes from capital to data,and the form of factor combination changes from production function to algorithm.Third,general digital technology promotes industrial development.Fourth,the transformation of labor‐management relations from“capital employing labor”to“the coexistence of the improvement of contractual independence and the strengthening of virtual control”.The new quality of productive forces reflects the latest achievements of the Marxist productive force theory in China.Faced with the historic opportunity of a new round of global industrial revolution,China’s efforts to develop the digital economy,promote the common development of industrial revolution and technological innovation,empower the three elements of productive forces,and optimize production relations are inevitable choices for developing new quality productive forces.First,it is necessary to strengthen the empowerment of workers through digital technologies to provide highly skilled workers for new quality productive forces.Second,the construction of digital infrastructure should be accelerated to provide updated means of production for new

关 键 词：新质生产力 数字经济时代 生产力跃迁 

分 类 号：F49[经济管理—产业经济]