信息公开的认知悖论与规制转向:以信用信息为例  

The Cognitive Paradox of Information Disclosure and Regulatory Shifts:A Case Study of Credit Information

作　　者：马欣佚 Ma Xinyi

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2025年第2期89-107,共19页Local Legislation Journal

基　　金：“东湖高新区国家智能社会治理实验综合基地”资助。

摘　　要：在信息公开的实践过程中,界定哪些信息应该公开、哪些信息不应公开,始终是政策制定者和公法研究者关注的核心问题。基于行为经济学研究,“信息认知悖论”为理解这一问题提供了基础:信息处理主体的有限理性导致信息供给与认知效能间呈现非线性关系,过度公开可能触发认知偏差与决策失误,构成对信用法益、市场秩序等受保护法益的实质侵害。本文以信用信息特别是企业行政处罚信息为实证基础,探讨信息认知悖论的形成机制与规范后果,并比较入口规制和行为规制两种规制方案的优劣。在技术上可行且成本合理的情况下,行为规制能够在控制信息误用风险的同时,最大限度地保留信息的使用价值。在更具一般性的理论视野下,信息治理框架从“严进宽出”到“宽进严出”的范式转换,不仅可以为社会信用体系立法提供新的理论工具,更揭示了数字时代公法秩序重构的基本方向——从静态的入口管理转向动态的行为规制。In the practice of information disclosure,one of the central issues for policymakers and public law scholars is determining which information should be disclosed and which should remain confidential.Drawing on behavioral economics research,the“cognitive paradox of information”provides a theoretical foundation for understanding this issue:the limited rationality of information processors leads to a nonlinear relationship between information availability and cognitive effectiveness.Excessive disclosure may trigger cognitive biases and decision-making errors,thereby resulting in substantial harm to protected legal interests,such as credit rights and market order.Based on the empirical analysis of the disclosure of credit information,particularly information on administrative penalties imposed on enterprises,this paper explores the formation mechanism and normative implications of the information cognition paradox,and compares the advantages and disadvantages of two regulatory approaches:access regulation and use regulation.When technically feasible and cost-effective,use regulation can mitigate the risks of information misuse while maximizing the value of information.From a broader theoretical perspective,the shift in the information governance framework from a“strict entry,lenient exit”model to a“lenient entry,strict exit”model not only offers new theoretical tools for the legislation of social credit systems but also reveals the fundamental direction of public law reform in the digital age-moving from static access rationing to dynamic use regulation.

关 键 词：信息公开 行为规制 信用信息 行政处罚 社会信用体系 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]