“我们”还是“他们”:韩国对朝民族主义的内在张力与演变逻辑  

"Us"or"Them":The Internal Tension and Evolutionary Logic of South Korea's Nationalism on North Korea

作　　者：李开盛 吴景坤 LI Kaisheng;WU Jingkun(Shanghai Institutes for International Studies,Shanghai 200233,China)

机构地区：[1]上海国际问题研究院,上海200233

出　　处：《云梦学刊》2025年第2期33-44,共12页Journal of Yunmeng

摘　　要：民族主义作为一种社会观念与意识形态,深刻影响着韩国对“同一民族不同国家”的朝鲜的政策制定。韩国历届政府在对朝民族主义认知与对朝政策框架上呈现出显著差异:进步政府强调“我们”意识,依托南北血缘文化的一致性推动基于民族同源性的和解议程;保守政府强调朝鲜的“他们”身份,强调安全威胁导向的强硬政策。理解这一现象差异的关键切入点之一是韩国社会中民族主义的演变——民主化转型催生的公民民族主义(civic nationalism)与传统族裔民族主义(ethnic nationalism)形成动态博弈,构成对朝认知的二元分析框架。综合来看,两种民族主义的消长不仅与执政党的偏好有关,还受到地缘格局演变与韩朝实力结构转型的双重制约。短期来看,韩国当前政治波动与同盟国政策周期可能促使族裔民族主义话语获得阶段性政策空间;长期来看,随着韩朝自我国别叙事的强化以及朝核问题陷入僵局,族裔民族主义的政策空间终将日益缩小。As a social concept and ideology,nationalism has profoundly influenced South Korea's policy-making on North Korea,which is"same nation but different country"Successive South Korean governments have shown significant differences in their perception of nationalism and policy frameworks toward North Korea:progressive governments emphasize the"Us"consciousness and promote the reconciliation agenda based on the consistency of the blood culture between the North and the South,which is based on ethnic homology;conservative governments emphasize North Korea's"Them"identity and therefore emphasize tough policies oriented towards security threats.One of the key entry points for understanding the differences in this phenomenon is the evolution of nationalism in South Korean societythe civic nationalism spawned by democratic transformation and traditional ethnic nationalism form a dynamic game,forming a binary analytical framework for the perception of North Korea.In general,the rise and fall of the two nationalisms is not only related to the preferences of the ruling party,but also subject to the dual constraints of the evolution of the geopolitical pattern and the transformation of the power structure between North and South Korea.In the short term,South Korea's current political fluctuations and the policy cycle of its allies may enable the ethnic nationalist diacourse to gain temporary policy space;in the long term,with the strengthening of North Korea and South Korea's self-state narratives and the stalemate on the North Korean nuclear issue,the policy space for ethnic nationalism will eventually shrink.

关 键 词：韩朝关系 韩国外交 族裔民族主义 公民民族主义 

分 类 号：D731.26[政治法律—政治学]