内燃机曲轴的振动特性分析  

Vibration Characteristics Analysis Oncrankshaft of Internal Combustion Engine

作　　者：古元峰 高欢 程磊 GU Yuanfeng;GAO Huan;CHENG Lei(Chongqing Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection,Chongqing 401121,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市计量质量检测研究院,重庆401121

出　　处：《机械工程与自动化》2025年第2期28-31,35,共5页Mechanical Engineering & Automation

基　　金：重庆市市场监督管理局科研计划项目(CQSJKJ2022042)。

摘　　要：使用仿真和实验方法,对某型内燃机曲轴进行了振动特性分析。通过建立有限元模型,求解了曲轴的固有频率和模态振型。完成实验设备的计量校准后,对曲轴的试验模态进行分析,运用模态置信准则判定相关性。将有限元法与试验模态的固有频率和模态振型进行对比分析,结果表明:曲轴的第1阶固有频率大于249Hz,高于4缸内燃机的2阶额定转速频率,动态特性较好;试验模态参数与仿真模态参数有较好的一致性,同阶模态参数误差小于3.92%,验证了曲轴有限元模型的准确性。模态振型对比发现,曲轴振动最大变形位置多集中于曲轴两端,振动形式主要由扭转振动、弯曲振动和纵向振动构成。研究结果为曲轴的动力分析、结构优化和减振降噪提供了准确的模型。The vibration characteristics were analyzed for the crankshaft of an internal combustion engineby using simulations and tests.A finite element model was established to solve the natural frequency and modal shape of the crankshaft,After the calibration of experimental equipment was completed,the experimental modal analysis(EMA)of crankshaft was carried out,and the correlation was determined by modal assurance criterion(MAC).The natural frequencies and modal shapes of the finite element method(FEM)were compared with those of the experimental modal analysis.The results show that the first-order natural frequency of the crankshaft is greater than 249 Hz,which is higher than the second-order rated speed frequency of the 4-cylinder internal combustion engine.System's dynamical character is better.The experimental modal parameters are in good agreement with the theoretical modal parameters,and the same order modal parameter error is less than 3.92%,which verifies the accuracy of the finite element model of crankshaft.It is found that the maximum deformation position of crankshaft vibration is mainly concentrated at both ends of the crankshaft,and the vibration forms are mainly composed of torsional vibration,bending vibration and longitudinal vibration.The research results provide an accurate model for the dynamic analysis,structural optimization and vibration and noise reduction of crankshaft.

关 键 词：曲轴 振动特性 有限元法 模态分析 模态置信准则 

分 类 号：TP391.7[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]