新型农村集体经济何以有效运行?——基于三种实践模式的探索性分析  

How Does New Rural Collective Economy Operate Effectively:An ExploratoryAnalysis Based onThree Practical Models

作　　者：谢治菊 黄美仪 XIE Zhiju;HUANG Meiyi(School of PublicAdministration,Guangzhou University;GuangZhou Railway Polytechnic)

机构地区：[1]广州大学公共管理学院 [2]广州铁路职业技术学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2025年第2期3-25,共23页China Rural Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“防止规模性返贫的监测机制和帮扶路径研究”(编号:22&ZD192)。

摘　　要：新型农村集体经济以比较明晰的组织架构、规范的运营机制、公平的分配模式等优势赋能乡村发展,成为巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果与推动乡村全面振兴的重要助力。本文以嵌入性理论为基础,从关系嵌入、规则嵌入、价值嵌入三个维度出发,构建“组织结构-运营机制-分配模式”的分析框架,选取广东省荔枝圩村企业化运作的合股联营模式、贵州省塘约村党组织领办的村社合一模式、浙江省永安村政府主导下的强村公司模式为研究对象,运用多案例分析方法,探讨新型农村集体经济有效运行的逻辑。研究发现:不同的组织结构带来了决策机制的差异,不同的运营机制引发了治理特征的差别,而不同的分配模式塑造了多元的价值取向;国家、市场、社会等多元主体的关系嵌入,正式规则与非正式规则的规则嵌入,以及基于利益、服务和情感的价值嵌入,共同促进了新型农村集体经济的有效运行。展望未来,基于多元主体的复合治理模式、兼具多主体联合运营的混合运营机制、兼顾效率与公平的利益分配方式,是新型农村集体经济提质增效的核心密码。The new rural collective economy,with its clear organizational structure,standardized operational mechanisms,and fair distribution models,empowers rural development.It has become a key force in consolidating and expanding the achievements of poverty alleviation and promoting comprehensive rural revitalization.This type of economy,which ensures both economic and social benefits,has significant value in promoting collective economic growth,optimizing resource allocation,and enhancing market competitiveness.Lizhixu Village in Guangdong Province,Tangyue Village in Guizhou Province,and Yong’an Village in Zhejiang Province are typical examples of the effective operation of the new rural collective economy.This paper,based on embeddedness theory,establishes an analytical framework of“organizational structure–operational mechanism–distribution model”from three dimensions:relational embedding,rule embedding,and value embedding.It explores the operational logic of the enterprise-based partnership model,the Party organization-led village-community integrated model,and the government-led strong village company model,aiming to extract the key elements for the effective operation of the new rural collective economy.The study finds that different organizational structures lead to differences in decision-making mechanisms,different operational mechanisms generate distinct governance characteristics,and different distribution models shape diverse value orientations.Specifically,at the organizational structure level,the“multi-center governance structure”built by the state,market,and society not only meets the needs of multiple stakeholders for expressing their interests but also aligns with the requirements of complex governance.At the operational mechanism level,the embedding of formal rules and informal rules optimizes village collective resource allocation and improves the village management mechanism.At the distribution model level,value embedding based on interests,services,and emotions helps improve the quality

关 键 词：新型农村集体经济 合股联营 强村公司 乡村振兴 共同富裕 

分 类 号：F321.42[经济管理—产业经济] F327