宅基地产权制度的法律构造路径——以宅基地盘活利用为分析线索  

The Legal Construction Path of the Homestead Property Rights System:An Analysis Based on the Revitalization and Utilization of Homesteads in China

作　　者：夏沁[1] XIA Qin(School of Law,Central South University)

机构地区：[1]中南大学法学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2025年第2期83-102,共20页China Rural Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“农村集体所有制法律实现机制研究”(编号:22&ZD202)。

摘　　要：产权制度是盘活利用宅基地的制度基础。盘活利用宅基地在实践中逐渐演变为基于多元主体、立体空间和多种用途的复合利用,对应为宅基地产权制度的权能分置、权属分层和权限分化,由此揭示了宅基地权利本体的演化推动宅基地制度功能转型的逻辑进程。在立法层面,需要构造契合宅基地制度功能转型的宅基地产权制度。具体来说,可以将宅基地产权制度的权能对外分置为宅基地使用权的收益权能与处分权能,对内分置为宅基地所有权的管理权能与成员权能,构造多元主体复合利用宅基地的制度规范;可以将宅基地产权制度的权属纵向分层为宅基地空间权,横向分层为宅基地空间相邻关系与地役权,构造基于立体空间复合利用宅基地的制度规范;可以将宅基地产权制度的权限在程序上通过用途管制审批与同意予以控制,在实质层面拓展为宅基地发展权,构造基于多种用途复合利用宅基地的制度规范。这将有助于推动构建“权能分置-权属分层-权限分化”的宅基地产权制度安排,实现宅基地产权制度的结构性变迁。The revitalization and utilization of rural homesteads in China play a crucial role in advancing comprehensive rural revitalization,fostering the development of new collective economies,promoting common prosperity between urban and rural areas,and achieving Chinese-style modernization in agriculture and rural development.The property rights system is foundational to this process,making research into it essential for the sustainable revitalization of idle rural homesteads and the guidance and regulation of related activities.This deeper empowerment of homestead revitalization aims to achieve a structural transformation in the homestead property rights system.An analysis of practices across various regions reveals that the equilibrium of the existing homestead property rights system has been disrupted.Traditional functions of homesteads,such as providing security and property,have gradually evolved into new roles arising from the composite utilization of homesteads.By drawing on land property rights theory and relevant legal provisions,this study clarifies that property rights allocation encompasses rights,ownership,and permissions,each corresponding to the content,scope,and boundaries of property rights.These three aspects collectively shape the property rights structure and system,which must adapt to the functional transformation of homesteads.Under the current legal framework in China,organizing and integrating the rules governing rights,ownership,and permissions can provide institutional support for the composite use of homesteads.Specifically,the rights of the homestead property system can be externally divided into the rights to use and benefit from homesteads and the rights to dispose of them,while internally they can be subdivided into the management rights of homestead ownership and the rights of membership.This division establishes various rights,such as those to income,disposal,management,and membership,clarifying that farmers may engage in“independent,cooperative,or entrusted operations”based on hom

关 键 词：宅基地盘活利用 功能转型 产权制度 

分 类 号：D912.3[政治法律—法学]