“工作换福利”与内生发展动力提升——基于乡村公益性岗位政策的案例研究  

“Welfare-to-work”and the Enhancement of Internal Momentum for Development:A Case Study on the Rural Public-benefit Posts Policy

作　　者：李飞[1] 杨雯渊 吴国宝[3] LI Fei;YANG Wenyuan;WU Guobao(School of Economics,HunanAgricultural University;School of Economics,Zhejiang University;Rural Development Institute,ChineseAcademy of Social Science)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学经济学院 [2]浙江大学经济学院 [3]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2025年第2期126-146,共21页China Rural Survey

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“欠发达地区妇女就业的减贫效应:基于扶贫车间的准实验研究”(编号:72103063);湖南省社会科学成果评审委员会重大项目“湖南完善覆盖农村人口的常态化防止返贫致贫机制研究”(编号:XSP24NYTO2A);国家社会科学基金重大项目“全面建成小康社会背景下相对贫困治理的实现路径研究”(编号:22&ZD059)。

摘　　要：本文研究了乡村公益性岗位政策实施的内生发展动力效应及其蕴含的“工作换福利”理念。首先,基于自我决定理论,构建了“劳动参与-心理需求满足-动机转换-行为结果”的分析框架。其次,通过分析乡村公益性岗位的典型案例,探讨了就业对象内生发展动力提升的过程和机制。最后,剖析了中国乡村公益性岗位政策相较于西方国家工作福利制度的差异和创新。研究发现:一方面,从政策实施来看,乡村公益性岗位较好地适配了农村弱劳动力和半劳动力的就业特征,参与社区服务工作满足了他们的自主性、能力感和归属感等基本心理需求,重塑了就业对象的劳动价值观念,激发了情感劳动,体现了政策的“扶志”效应。同时,由于工作内容简单以及就业对象的劳动能力有限,乡村公益性岗位政策的“扶智”效应主要体现在改善就业对象生活方面的认知和能力,并未促进他们形成可迁移的生产性就业技能。另一方面,从制度比较来看,乡村公益性岗位政策与西方国家的工作福利制度有一定相似之处,但在政策落实上存在差异,尤其在瞄准机制、责任机制、监督机制、激励机制等方面体现了将“工作换福利”理念与中国现实相结合的实践创新。因此,本文认为,将“工作换福利”理念嵌入农村低收入人口常态化帮扶中,可以有效破解福利依赖问题,提高帮扶效能。The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,along with the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee,has rolled out a series of multi-dimensional policy initiatives aimed at stimulating the internal momentum for development among poverty-alleviated populations.This policy orientation has also generated substantial attention and discussions in academia.Evidently,enhancing internal momentum for development of rural low-income populations constitutes a pressing practical challenge.Addressing this challenge is crucial for consolidating and expanding achievements in poverty alleviation,comprehensively promoting rural revitalization,and realizing a people-centered Chinese modernization paradigm.This study investigates the internal momentum for development effects of rural public-benefit post policy and their underlying“work-to-welfare”philosophy.Building upon self-determination theory,we develop an analytical framework that systematically integrates four interconnected dimensions:labor participation,psychological need fulfillment,motivational transformation,and behavioral outcomes.Through case studies of rural public-benefit posts,we systematically examine the mechanisms through which these policies enhance the internal momentum for development of target employment groups.Furthermore,by conducting comparative analysis with Western workfare systems,this paper highlights institutional innovations in China’s rural public-benefit post policy and proposes integrating the“work-to-welfare”concept into the regular assistance mechanism for rural low-income populations.Key findings reveal two distinct dimensions.(1)Implementation effectiveness:Rural public-benefit post demonstrate strong alignment with the employment profiles of vulnerable and semi-skilled laborers.Engagement in community services not only fulfills fundamental psychological needs(autonomy,competence,and relatedness),but also reshapes labor value perceptions,and triggers affective labor engagement,thereby manifes

关 键 词：“工作换福利” 乡村公益性岗位政策 内生发展动力 福利依赖 就业帮扶 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济] C913.7[社会学]