壮语量名结构的语义与指称  

Semantics and Reference of Classifier-Noun Constructions in Zhuang

作　　者：周国平[1] ZHOU Guoping

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学预科教育学院,南宁530006

出　　处：《民族语文》2025年第1期62-71,共10页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：广西民族文化保护与传承研究中心开放课题一般项目“壮语量名结构语义研究(2021KFYB07)”的资助。

摘　　要：能否接受数词(“一”)和指示词的直接修饰是壮语量名结构与普通名词在语法发展道路上的“分水岭”。壮语量名结构表示作为“个体”的事物,具有[-复数][+个体][+事物]的语义特征,一般用于个体指称(有定或无定),但也可以通过“个体转喻类”的语用操作来表示类指,用于需要凸显事物具象的语境;壮语普通名词表示作为“类”的事物,具有[-数][-个体][+事物]的语义特征,一般用于类指指称。壮语量名结构在语义和指称上的特点可在句法层面得到印证,是一种实现名词个体化的句法装置。The key grammatical distinction between classifier-noun constructions and common nouns in the Zhuang language lies in whether they can be directly modified by the numeral("one")and the demonstratives.Based on this observation,it is found that classifier-noun constructions denote entities as"individuals",characterized by the semantic features[-plurality],[+individuality],and[+entity],while common nouns represent entities as"classes",with features[-number],[-individuality],and[+entity].Classifier-noun constructions are typically used for individual reference(definite or nondefinite);yet they can also express generic reference through pragmatic operations like individual-based metonymy,particularly in contexts emphasizing concreteness of entities.Common nouns are typically used for generic reference.The semantic and referential properties of classifier-noun constructions are substantiated at the syntactic level,confirming classifier-noun constructions as a syntactic device for nominal individualization.

关 键 词：量名结构 普通名词 个体语义 个体指称 

分 类 号：H21[语言文字—少数民族语言]