多种均匀圆阵阵型的波达方向估计性能分析  

Performance Analysis of Direction of Arrival Estimation under Different Uniform Circular Arrays

作　　者：周爽 周莉 ZHOU Shuang;ZHOU Li(Key Laboratory of Electronics and Information Technology for Space Systems,National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100192,China;School of Computer Science and Technology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101499,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家空间科学中心复杂航天系统电子信息技术重点实验室,北京100192 [2]中国科学院大学计算机科学与技术学院,北京100499

出　　处：《空军工程大学学报》2025年第2期46-54,共9页Journal of Air Force Engineering University

基　　金：中国科学院重点实验室基金(E32213A01S,E16505B31)。

摘　　要：均匀圆阵具有二维波达方向估计能力、适用于跨频程场景以及易于架设的特点,广泛应用于民用、军事、天文探测等领域。针对某电子侦察任务0.8~6 GHz频率范围二维高分辨率测向需求,开展均匀圆阵阵列模型的优化设计和波达方向估计性能比较分析,从而确定均匀圆阵的最优阵型。首先介绍无心圆阵和中心圆阵模型结构,理论推导圆阵阵列形式对测向的影响,并通过多重信号分类算法进行仿真实验,对不同信噪比、采样快拍数、半径波长比的情况下无心7圆阵、无心8圆阵、无心9圆阵、中心8圆阵、中心9圆阵、中心10圆阵等6种阵列模型的测向精度进行比较,并结合波束宽度、分辨率等性能指标进行综合分析,结果表明在0.8~6 GHz频带的高精度二维测向需求下,中心8圆阵为最佳测向阵型。The uniform circular array being capable of two-dimensional direction of arrival(DOA)estimation,suitable for wideband scenarios,and easy to deploy,the widely application is made in civilian,military,and astronomical detection fields.In response to the need for two-dimensional high-resolution DOA estimation in the frequency range of 0.8 to 6 GHz,optimization design and comparative analysis of the DOA estimation performance of uniform circular array models based on the multiple signal classification(MUSIC)algorithm are conducted to determine the optimal array configuration.The structures of the non-centered circular array and the centered circular array models are introduced.The theoretical influence of circular array forms on direction-finding is derived.The simulation experiments are conducted by using the MUSIC algorithm.The DOA estimation accuracy of five array models,including non-centered 7-circular array,non-centered 8-circular array,non-centered 9-circular array,centered 8-circular array,centered 9-circular array,and centered 10-circular array,under different signal-to-noise ratios(SNR),sampling rates,and radius-to-wavelength ratios,is compared.A comprehensive analysis is conducted with performance indicators such as beamwidth,resolution,and others simultaneously.The results show that for high-precision two-dimensional DOA estimation requirements in the 0.8 to 6 GHz frequency band,the centered 8-circular array achieves very good results in the direction-finding performance.

关 键 词：波达方向估计 均匀圆阵 多重信号分类算法 中心圆阵 无心圆阵 

分 类 号：TN971.5[电子电信—信号与信息处理]