《山海图》同心圆模型与古代五服制度演变研究  

Study on the Concentric Circle Model of Shanhai Tu and the Evolution of Ancient“Five-Grades Mourning Dress”System

作　　者：唐晓梅[1] 李仲先[1] 唐世贵[1] TANG Shigui;TANG Xiaomei;LI Zhongxian(Panzhihua University,Panzhihua 617000,Sichan)

机构地区：[1]攀枝花学院,四川攀枝花617000

出　　处：《攀枝花学院学报》2025年第2期102-110,共9页Journal of Panzhihua University

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“《山海经》图像类别与当代动画角色模型构建美学理论体系研究”(17CZX066)。

摘　　要：《山海图》同心圆模型构成上古五服制度的理论基础,当时并无真正的文字,因而,古代五服制度借鉴了《山海经》同心圆模型。从地理角度,《山海经》“五方”其“中”即同心圆圆心,然后,南、西、北,东以同等距离向外延伸,构成同心圆模型。从国家管理模式,甲骨文中四方、四色、四方神、爵位四等征引于《山海经》。虽然,殷商王朝的五服制度,在甲骨卜辞中并没有完整的记载,只能依据《尚书·禹贡》对夏、商王朝的五服制度的记载,来对照《山海经》的同心圆结构模型,勾勒出古代五服制度同心圆模型大致轮廓,探寻其五服制度的演变轨迹,同时体现出对后世国家管理体制构建的巨大参考价值。The concentric circle model of Shanhai Tu establishes the theoretical foundation of the ancient“Five-Grades Mourning Dress”System.Since there were no actual writing system at that time,the“Five-Grades Mourning Dress”System invoked the concentric circle model from Shanhai Jing.Geographically,“five directions”in the Shanhai Jing centered around the“middle,”which serves as the center of the concentric circle,with the four remaining directions of south,west,north,and east extending outward at equal distances,forming the concentric circle model.From a national governance perspective,the four quadrants,four colors,four directional deities,and four ranks of feudal Titles in Oracle Bone Inscriptions are quoted from the Shanhai Jing.Owing to the fact that the“Five-Grades Mourning Dress”System originated in the Shang Dynasty is not fully documented in oracle bone inscriptions,the historical records regarding the System during the Xia and Shang Dynasties in the“Yugong”chapter of the Shangshu can be compared with the concentric circle model of the Shanhai Jing to outline the general structure of the“Five-Grades Mourning Dress”System.This study traces the evolutionary trajectory of the“Five-Grades Mourning Dress”System and highlights the significant reference value it holds for the construction of later national governance systems.

关 键 词：《山海经》 山海图 同心圆模型 五服制度 《易经》 

分 类 号：K22[历史地理—历史学] J212[历史地理—中国史]