蕨麻根系浸提液对7种作物的化感作用及化感物质鉴定  

Allelopathic Effects and Identification of Allelopathic Substances of Potentilla anserina Root Extract on 7 Crops

作　　者：李涛 李军乔 吕博文 杨晓雨 罗永欣 祁明翾 Li Tao;Li Junqiao;Lv Bowen;Yang Xiaoyu;Luo Yongxin;Qi Mingxuan(College of Ecology and Environment,Qinghai Minzu University,Xining 810007,China;Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Juema Industry Research Institute,Xining 810007,China)

机构地区：[1]青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院,西宁810007 [2]青藏高原蕨麻产业研究院,西宁810007

出　　处：《青海科技》2024年第6期168-178,共11页Qinghai Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“基于m GWAS的青藏高原蕨麻农艺性状、品质性状解析及生态适应机制研究”(U23A20152);青海民族大学2024年校级规划项目“蕨麻根系分泌物化感作用的初步研究”(54M2024002)。

摘　　要：为探究蕨麻根系浸提液对油菜、白菜、西红柿、藜麦、小麦、胡麻、青稞的化感作用及其作用机理,筛选出适宜与蕨麻进行间作、轮作的作物,以期为蕨麻科学栽培模式提供理论依据。采用生物活性测定法,7种作物作为受体材料,研究不同浓度的蕨麻根系浸提液(2、4、8、12 mL/株)对7种作物种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响,并采用GC-MS技术鉴定化感物质。结果表明:(1)不同浓度蕨麻浸提液对青稞种子萌发有显著抑制作用,对白菜种子萌发有促进作用;对西红柿、藜麦、胡麻、小麦种子萌发表现出了化感作用多样性共存的现象。(2)不同浓度蕨麻浸提液对7种作物幼苗的苗高、根长、活力指数具有显著促进作用,且对根长的促进作用大于苗高。2 mL/株浓度的蕨麻浸提液对藜麦、胡麻、小麦、青稞根长的促进作用最强;8 mL/株浓度的蕨麻浸提液对白菜的根长促进作用最强;12 mL/株浓度的蕨麻浸提液对油菜、西红柿幼苗的根长促进作用最强。(3)综合化感效应表明,蕨麻浸提液对胡麻存在促进、抑制作用共存现象,对其他6种作物均存在不同程度的促进作用(SE> 0),其促进作用由强到弱分别为白菜>油菜>胡麻>藜麦>小麦>青稞≈西红柿。(4)GC-MS检测表明,蕨麻根系浸提液中有11种化合物,主要包括烃类、酯类和醇类等物质,以酯类物质相对含量最高,其次是醇类,其中丙酸乙酯、芥酸酰胺初步鉴定为潜在化感物质。综上所述,蕨麻根系浸提液的化感作用因受体植物的种类不同而表现出选择性,初步确定白菜为综合化感效应最佳的作物,可以将其作为蕨麻轮作、间作的作物。In order to investigate the allelopathic effects of the root extract of Potentilla anserina on rape,cabbage,tomato,quinoa,wheat,flax and highland barley,the crops suitable for intercropping and rotation with Potentilla anserina were selected,in order to provide theoretical basis for the scientific cultivation mode of Potentilla anserina.The effects of different concentrations of root extracts(2,4,8,12mL/plant)on seed germination and seedling growth of 7 crops were studied by using biological activity assay method.The results showed as follows:(1)The different concentrations of ferns hemp extract had significant inhibitory effect on the germination of highland barley seed,and it could promote the germination of Chinese cabbage seed.The allelopathic diversity of tomato,quinoa,flax and wheat seed germination was observed.(2)Different concentrations of Potentilla anserina extract significantly promoted the seedling height,root length and vigor index of 7 crop seedlings,and the promotion effect on root length was greater than that on seedling height.2mL/plant of ferns extract had the strongest effect on the root growth of quinoa,flax,wheat and highland barley.8mL/plant ferns extract had the strongest effect on root length of Chinese cabbage.The effect of 12mL/plant Potentilla anserina extract on root length of rape and tomato seedlings was the strongest.(3)The comprehensive allelopathic effect showed that there were both promotion and inhibition effects on flax,and different degrees of promotion effects on other 6 crops(SE>0).The promoting effects were cabbage>rape>flax>quinoa>wheat>highland barley≈tomato from strong to weak.(4)GC-MS detection showed that there were 11 compounds in the root extract of Potentilla anserina,mainly including hydrocarbons,esters and alcohols.The relative content of esters was the highest,followed by alcohols.Among them,ethyl propionate and erucic amide were preliminarily identified as Potentilla anserina substances.In conclusion,the allelopathy of the root extract of Potentilla anserina

关 键 词：蕨麻 水浸提液 种子萌发 化感物质 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学] S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培]