2023年贵州省公共场所卫生状况分析  

Analysis of public health status in Guizhou Province in 2023

作　　者：袁敏兰 宿敏敏 陈宣好 简子海 杨丹 张建华[1] Yuan Minlan;Su Minmin;Chen Xuanhao;Jian Zihai;Yang Dan;Zhang Jianhua(Guizhou Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Guiyang 550004,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省疾病预防控制中心,贵州贵阳550004

出　　处：《贵州医药》2025年第4期512-515,525,共5页Guizhou Medical Journal

基　　金：贵州省疾病预防控制中心青年科学基金项目(2023-E-14);贵州省卫生健康委课题(gzwkj2022-453);全国公共场所健康危害因素监测项目。

摘　　要：目的了解2023年贵州省公共场所卫生状况,为今后贵州省公共场所监测与管理工作提供新思路与方向。方法参照《公共场所卫生检验方法》(GB/T 18204—2013/2014)对贵阳市、遵义市、安顺市和铜仁市8类共211家公共场所的室内空气、公共用品用具(设施)和水质进行卫生监测,并依据《公共场所卫生指标及限值要求》(GB 37488—2019)评价检测结果。结果2023年共监测贵州省公共场所样品3676份,总合格率为76.61%,其中游泳场(馆)样品合格率最低,为34.94%。候车室PM 2.5、PM 10不合格率分别为35.90%、10.26%。美容店、理发店室内空气中甲醛不合格率分别为30.00%、26.87%,此外理发店室内空气中氨也超标,不合格率为8.96%。美容店、理发店和商场(超市)公共用品用具(设施)均检出了菌落总数和大肠菌群超标。沐浴场所、宾馆(酒店)、美容店、理发店中毛巾的pH值不合格率分别为36.62%、22.77%、17.86%、17.09%。游泳场(馆)水质较差,其游泳池水氧化还原电位、pH值、尿素不合格率为53.85%、40.38%、19.23%,浸脚池水游离性余氯不合格率为35.48%。沐浴场所浴池水大肠菌群、淋浴水嗜肺军团菌不合格率分别为29.63%、37.17%。结论2023年贵州省各类公共场所存在着一定的健康风险,卫生监管部门应加强对游泳场(馆)等重点公共场所的监督与抽查。Objective To understand the health status of public places in Guizhou Province in 2023,and provide new ideas and directions for the monitoring and management of public places in Guizhou Province in the future.Methods The indoor air,public appliances(facilities)and water quality of 211 public places in 8 categories in Guiyang,Zunyi,Anshun and Tongren were monitored according to the Public Places Health Inspection Method(GB/T 18204—2013/2014).And as the Requirements for Health Indicators and Limits in Public Places(GB 37488—2019)to evaluate the test results.Results In 2023,a total of 3676 samples of public places in Guizhou Province were monitored,and the total qualified rate was 76.61%,among which the qualified rate of samples from swimming pools(gymnasiums)was the lowest(34.94%).The unqualified rates of PM 2.5 and PM 10 in waiting rooms were 35.90%and 10.26%,respectively.The unqualified rate of formaldehyde in the indoor air of beauty shops and barber shops accounted for 30.00%and 26.87%respectively,and the ammonia in the indoor air of barber shops also exceeded the standard,and the unqualified rate was 8.96%.Public goods(facilities)in beauty shops,barbershops and shopping malls(supermarkets)were found to exceed the total number of colonies and coliform bacteria.The pH values of towels in bathing places,hotels(hotels),beauty shops and barbershops were 36.62%,22.77%,17.86%and 17.09%,respectively.Swimming pool(hall)results showed poor water quality,which the REDOX potential,pH value and urea unqualified rate of swimming pool water were 53.85%,40.38%and 19.23%,and the unqualified residual chlorine of swimming pool water was 35.48%.The unqualified rates of coliform bacteria in bath water and Legionella pneumophila in shower water were 29.63%and 37.17%,respectively.Conclusion There were certain health risks in all kinds of public places in Guizhou Province in 2023,and health supervision departments should strengthen supervision and spot checks on key public places such as swimming pools(gymnasiums).

关 键 词：公共场所 卫生监测 健康危害因素 

分 类 号：R126.4[医药卫生—环境卫生学]