乌克兰危机所涉国际法问题辨析  

An Legal Analysis of International Law Issues Involved in the Ukraine Crisis

作　　者：黄惠康[1] Huang Huikang

机构地区：[1]国家高端智库武汉大学国际法治研究院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2025年第1期3-21,共19页Chinese Review of International Law

摘　　要：乌克兰危机是冷战结束以来最大规模的地缘政治冲突,主战场在乌克兰,影响则遍及全世界。这是一场全方位、立体式、复合型的新型战争,军事战、政治战、经济战、舆论战等新旧战争形态融为一体。其中,外交法律战是重要的组成部分,涉及合法使用与非法使用武力的边界、“预先自卫”及“人道主义干预”的合法性、乌克兰东部4个州“公投入俄”的法律效力、使用或威胁使用核武器的合法性以及核电站的安全保障、国际人道法在武装冲突中的适用等一系列复杂的法律问题。对此,俄罗斯与乌克兰争端双方尖锐对立,各执一词。当前,战场态势依然焦灼,围绕俄罗斯“特别军事行动”的性质暨合法性问题的法律战也在深度展开,而冲突的最终解决无疑将通过法律的方式体现出来。2025年是联合国成立80周年,也是乌克兰危机转入政治解决的关键一年,国际社会需要以国际法来明辨是非、定分止争,重建欧洲和平秩序,消弭全球冲突隐患。The Ukraine crisis is the largest geopolitical conflict since the end of the Cold War,with the main battlefield in Ukraine and its impact felt around the world.This is a new type of war that is allround,three-dimensional and composite,integrating political,military,economic,and public opinion warfare and legal warfare.It involves a series of complex legal issues,such as the boundary between the lawful and unlawful use of force in international relations,the legitimacy of"preemptive self-defense"and"humanitarian intervention",the legal effect of the"referendum to join Russia"in the four regions of Ukraine,the legitimacy of the use or threat of use of nuclear weapons,and the safety and security of nuclear power plants,as well as the application of international humanitarian law in armed conflict.The disputing parties and international community are sharply divided on these issues.At present,the battlefield situation is still intense,and the legal battle over the legitimacy of Russia's"Special Military Operation"against Ukraine is also deeply developed,yet the final solution of the conflict will undoubtedly be reflected through legal means.The year of 2025 marks the 80th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations,and it is also a crucial year for the political settlement of the Ukraine crisis.The international community needs to use international law to distinguish right from wrong,resolve disputes,and rebuild the peace order.

关 键 词：乌克兰危机 俄罗斯与乌克兰冲突 国际法 联合国宪章 外交法律战 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]