中国《外国国家豁免法》送达规则研究  

Service of Process Rules of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign State Immunity

作　　者：南楠 Nan Nan

机构地区：[1]湖北警官学院国际警务系

出　　处：《国际法研究》2025年第1期37-49,共13页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“国际私法视域下中国法域外适用的制度构建研究”(项目编号20&ZD203);湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学一般项目“跨境腐败资产直接追回的法律挑战与应对”(项目批准号22Y138);西南政法大学一般项目“我国国际商事法庭建设的挑战与对策问题研究”(项目批准号2019XZYB-01)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国外国国家豁免法》(下称《外国国家豁免法》)是中国强化涉外领域立法的重要成果。《外国国家豁免法》确立了双层级送达规则,第一优先层级包括条约送达和外国国家接受且中国法律不禁止的方式,第二层级为外交途径送达。关于送达有效性的认定,应依据不同送达方式进行要素审查。《外国国家豁免法》未规定第一优先层级送达方式的证明文件和完成送达时间,有待立法解释和司法解释的进一步明确。送达的文书完整性也应是送达效力的重要考量因素。《外国国家豁免法》构建了对外国国家的专属性送达规则,体现尊重主权平等的国际法原则,相较于一般域外送达遵循更为严格的正当程序要求。《外国国家豁免法》彰显善意履行条约义务,追求共识的立法精神,兼顾送达规则灵活性与确定性,兼顾尊重主权与效率的价值功能。为提升《外国国家豁免法》送达规则适用质效,应一方面细化立法衔接工作以强化立法的协调性和明确性,推进关联条款的立改废释工作,明确本法未尽之处;另一方面应加强对外国国家送达规则的配套制度建设,拓展条约送达的条约基础,并编纂送达规则数据库,以提升送达效率和规则可操作性。The Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign State Immunity(hereafter referred to as the Foreign State Immunity Law)is an important achievement of China in strengthening legislation in the foreign-related field.The Foreign State Immunity Law establishes a two-tier service rule.The first priority level includes service means in accordance with an applicable international treaties,and means accepted by foreign countries and not precluded by Chinese law.The secondary level is service through diplomatic channels.The identification of validity of service shall be subject to legality review in accordance with different service methods.Notably,for the means in the first priority level,the Foreign State Immunity Law does not stipulate the certifying documents of the service,nor the date having been effected,which need to be further clarified by legislative interpretation and judicial interpretation.The integrity of the served documents should also be an important considering factor for the validity of the service.The Foreign State Immunity Law sets forth the exclusive procedures for service on a foreign states,reflecting the principle of international law that respects sovereign equality,abiding by due process stricter than general service aboard.The Foreign State Immunity Law highlights the the principle of fulilling treaty obligations in good faith and the pursuit of consensus,while balancing flexibility and certainty of the service rules,thus taking into account both sovereignty and efficiency.To improve the quality and effectiveness of the application of the aforementioned service rules,the legislative connection shall be refined to enhance legislative clarity and coherence,by advancing the enactment,revision,repeal,and interpretation of pertinent clauses,and by addressing the law's unresolved issues.Furthermore,to bolster judicial applicability,it is vital to develop the supporting systems for the service of process rules on a foreign state,by concluding and ratifying relevant treaties to augment applicable

关 键 词：外国国家豁免法 域外送达 海牙送达公约 外交途径送达 条约送达 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]