外国惩罚性赔偿判决承认与执行中的公共政策审查  

Study on Public Policy in Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Punitive Damages Judgments

作　　者：钟瑛琦 Zhong Yingqi

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2025年第1期90-106,共17页Chinese Review of International Law

摘　　要：外国判决的承认与执行是当前国际民事诉讼中的焦点问题,也是国际司法协助的关键领域。随着惩罚性赔偿判决的功能和价值凸显,惩罚性赔偿判决的国家间承认与执行申请日趋频繁。惩罚性赔偿本身的功能和性质是其与一国公共政策产生冲突的主要原因。外国惩罚性赔偿判决与一般的金钱赔偿判决不同,具有内在的惩罚、威慑功能。这种惩罚功能处于民刑两分的交叉地带,也容易和被请求国以填平损害、补偿损失为目标的完全赔偿原则发生冲突。为缓和惩罚性赔偿与公共政策之间的冲突,推动金钱赔偿判决的承认与执行,当前各国司法实践逐渐认可惩罚性赔偿具有私法性质且可发挥私法救济功能,被请求国可在公共政策的容许限度内通过分割惩罚性赔偿和补偿性赔偿对其承认与执行,或通过合比例地确定赔偿数额限定外国惩罚性赔偿判决的可承认范围。随着中国司法实践的发展,相关立法及司法实践可在紧随国际主流实践的基础上限缩公共政策的范围,承认惩罚性赔偿的民事性质,通过限制高额赔偿以有限承认外国惩罚性赔偿判决,完善外国判决在中国的承认与执行体系。The recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments is a significant issue in current international civil litigation and a key area of current international judicial cooperation.As the function and value of punitive damages judgments become more prominent,recognition and enforcement of punitive damages judgments between countries are becoming increasingly necessary.The function and nature of punitive damages are the main reasons for their conflicts with a country's public policy.Foreign punitive damages judgments are different from general monetary damages judgments and have inherent punishment and deterrence functions.This punishment function is at the intersection of civil and criminal law.It is also prone to conflict with the principle of full compensation of the requested country,which aims to compensate for damages and losses.To ease the conflict between punitive damages and public policy and promote the recognition and enforcement of monetary damages judgments,the current judicial practices gradually recognize that punitive damages have a civil nature and can play a relief function.Punitive damages are increasingly used as one of the basic forms of civil compensation,and are no longer simply identified as violating public policy because of their"criminal nature".The limited recognition theory and the limitation of the amount of compensation are two solutions to effectively balance the relationship between the principle of full compensation and the recognition and enforcement of foreign punitive damages judgments,providing an allowable space and development path for the recognition and enforcement of foreign punitive damages under public policy review.The requested state can recognize and enforce foreign punitive damages by dividing them into compensatory damages within the permissible limits of public policy,and limit the scope of recognition of foreign punitive damages judgments by determining the proportionality of compensation,thereby avoiding the rejection of foreign punitive damages judgments on the g

关 键 词：惩罚性赔偿 公共政策 承认与执行 有限承认 合比例性 金钱判决 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]