论《取消认证公约》在中国的适用与实施  

On the Application and Implementation of the Apostille Convention in China

作　　者：李建忠 Li Jianzhong

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2025年第1期107-126,共20页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学规划课题(项目号:19NDJC030Z);国家社会科学基金项目(项目号:21BFX160)的资助。

摘　　要：《取消认证公约》对中国的生效催生了该公约以何种方式被接受和适用的问题,同时也对中国履约机制的建设与完善提出了现实要求。在不与中国宪法相抵触且不损害中国主权、安全和社会公共利益的前提下,根据中国条约适用的规则、理论和实践,该公约因其国际私法属性应当被纳入到中国法律体系并直接适用于中国与缔约国间的公文书跨国流转。在其与对中国生效的其他多边国际公约、双边司法协助条约以及既有的国内立法相冲突时,应遵循如下效力位阶顺序予以适用:执行更加便利标准的其他多边国际公约和双边条约优先于该公约适用;该公约优先于除宪法以外的国内立法适用。在履约机制上,由于公约所确立的规则是框架性的,因此,中国主管机关应当遵守公约的基本原则,出台履约规则,并在履约实践中扩张解释和拓展附加证明书的申请主体范围和基础公文书范围,增设附加证明书“附加文本”的签发规则,细化附加证明书的拒签理由,推动电子公文书的普及,完善电子公文书签发与核验的程序规则,在确保电子公文书真实性和当事人个人信息安全的前提下尽早推动e-APP电子附加证明书组件的实施。The Apostille Convention's entry into force in China raised the problem of how it will be accepted and applied,and also put forward the realistic requirements for the construction and improvement of China's implementation mechanism.Provided it does not contravene the Chinese Constitution or jeopardize national sovereignty,security,or public interests,the Convention given its private international law nature should be incorporated into China's legal system and directly applied to the cross-border circulation of public documents between China and other contracting members,in accordance with China's treaty application rules,theories,and practices.When the application of the Apostille Convention conflicts with other multilateral international conventions and bilateral judicial assistance treaties which entered into force for China,as well as the existing domestic legislation,it shall be applied in accordance with the order of legal validity rank that the multilateral international conventions and bilateral treaties with more convenient implementing standard shall prevail over the Apostille Convention,and the Apostille Convention shall prevail over those domestic legislations other than the Constitution.Regarding the implementation mechanism for the Apostille Convention,since the rules set forth by the convention are framework-oriented in nature,Chinese competent authorities should adhere to its fundamental principles by promulgating the implementing rules.In practice of implementing the convention,these authorities should adopt an expansive interpretation to broaden both the scope of eligible applicants for Apostilles and the categories of foundational public documents.Additionally,they should introduce rules for issuing"supplementary texts"to Apostilles,refine the grounds for refusing Apostille issuance,promote the adoption of electronic public documents,improve procedural rules for issuing and verifying electronic documents,expedite the implementation of the e-APP component while ensuring the authenticity of electr

关 键 词：取消认证公约 条约的适用 领事认证 附加证明书 取消认证 电子附加证明书项目 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]