中国对CPTPP劳工规则的自主性接纳——以越南加入CPTPP为视角  

China's Proactive Acceptance of Labor Provisions of the CPTPP:From the Perspective of Vietnam's Accession to the CPTPP

作　　者：梁咏[1] 魏佳怡 Liang Yong;Wei Jiayi

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2025年第1期127-144,共18页Chinese Review of International Law

基　　金：2021年度国家哲学社会科学重大专项“新形势下美国问题研究”(21VMG027)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：中国已经正式申请加入CPTPP,全面评估CPTPP劳工规则对中国可能产生的影响并探讨有效的应对策略和措施是当下的现实问题。越南作为CPTPP缔约方中唯一的社会主义国家,在其加入CPTPP以来,对内修改国内《劳动法》构建二元制工会体系、对外缔结自由贸易协定并以签署附函的形式争取过渡期,以履行其在CPTPP项下的义务。这一做法对中国有一定参考价值。近年来中国所签署的经贸协定对劳工规则采取了更加开放的态度,现行国内法在文本规定层面也基本落实了国际劳工组织对核心劳工标准的要求,但是在具体实施和争端解决层面与CPTPP劳工规则的实质要求还存在一定差距。受欧盟—韩国劳工案专家组报告对争端解决中劳工义务的“激进解读”影响,CPTPP强有力的争端解决机制可能使劳工义务更具执行性,中国对此应做好充分的风险预估和应对准备,并在立足中国实际需求基础上,以积极参与、部分冻结和持续跟进的多层次、差异化方案,积极推进中国劳工标准的自主性提升。China has officially submitted its application to join the CPTPP.Comprehensively evaluating the potential impacts of CPTPP labor rules on China and exploring effective countermeasures has emerged as a practical and urgent matter.As the only socialist country among the CPTPP parties,Vietnam,since its accession to the CPTPP,has made internal adjustments to its domestic labor laws to establish a duallabor-union system.Externally,it has entered into Free Trade Agreements and strived for a transitional period through signing side letters to meet its obligations under the CPTPP.This experience provides certain reference significance for China.In recent years,the economic and trade agreements China has signed have adopted a more open-stance towards labor rules.At the level of text provisions,current domestic laws in China have largely implemented the requirements of the International Labour Organization regarding core labor standards.Nevertheless,at the dispute settlement level,there still exists a notable gap between the actual implementation and the substantive requirements of the CPTPP labor rules.Particularly,influenced by the"aggressive interpretation"of labor obligations in the dispute settlement panel report of the EU-Korea labor case,the binding dispute settlement mechanism of the CPTPP may increase the requirements for labor obligations.China should conduct a comprehensive risk assessment and make thorough preparations in this regard.It should actively engage in a multi-level and differentiated plan,taking into account China's actual needs,partial suspension,and continuous follow-up,and actively promote China's labor standards.

关 键 词：CPTPP劳工规则 CPTPP 越南劳工法 劳工标准 争端解决 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]