不同类型肥料施用深度和施用量对冬小麦生长发育的影响  

Effects of Application Depth and Amount of Different Types of Fertilizers on Growth and Development of Winter Wheat

作　　者：韩锐锋 任荣魁 董向阳 胡泽彬 郭方君 方甜甜 马文豪 张书红 HAN Ruifeng;REN Rongkui;DONG Xiangyang;HU Zebin;GUO Fangjun;FANG Tiantian;MA Wenhao;ZHANG Shuhong(Henan Xinlianxin Chemical Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Xinxiang 453731,China)

机构地区：[1]河南心连心化学工业集团股份有限公司,河南新乡453731

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2025年第2期30-39,共10页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD1902605-06)。

摘　　要：选用高塔工艺复合肥、团粒工艺复合肥以及控释掺混复合肥3种肥料,以不施肥处理为对照(CK),设置3个施用量[600 kg/hm^(2)(F1)、750 kg/hm^(2)(F2)和900 kg/hm^(2)(F3)]和3个施用深度[6 cm(D1)、8 cm(D2)和10 cm(D3)],研究不同类型肥料施用量及施用深度对冬小麦苗期株高、地上部鲜质量及根长、根直径、根体积、根表面积、根尖数的影响,为冬小麦生产中依据肥料类型合理调节施用量及施用深度提供理论依据。结果表明,高塔工艺复合肥在施用量F1、施肥深度D2—D3时,对冬小麦生长发育有促进作用,隶属函数值分别为0.70和0.77(CK隶属函数值为0.61),以F1D3处理效果最优,较CK显著提高根长、根体积、根表面积和根尖数;团粒工艺复合肥在施用量F1—F3、施用深度D3时,对冬小麦生长发育有促进作用,以F2D3处理效果最优,隶属函数值为0.86,较CK显著提高株高、地上部鲜质量及根长、根直径、根体积、根表面积、根尖数;控释掺混复合肥在施用量F1—F3、施用深度D2—D3时,对冬小麦生长发育有促进作用,以F1D2和F1D3处理效果较优,隶属函数值分别为0.93和0.92,均较CK显著提高株高、地上部鲜质量及根长、根体积、根表面积、根尖数;在相同施用量以及施用深度条件下,隶属函数值总体上表现为控释掺混复合肥>团粒工艺复合肥>高塔工艺复合肥。综上,高塔工艺复合肥以F1D3处理最优,团粒工艺复合肥以F2D3处理最优,控释掺混复合肥以F1D2和F1D3处理较优,且控释掺混复合肥效果最优。Three types of fertilizers were selected with no fertilization as control(CK),including tower granulation compound fertilizer,agglomeration granulation compound fertilizer,and controlled-release mixed compound fertilizer.Three application rates were set,including 600 kg/ha(F1),750 kg/ha(F2)and 900 kg/ha(F3),and three application depths were set,including 6 cm(D1),8 cm(D2)and 10 cm(D3).The effects of application depth and rate on the plant height,aboveground fresh weight,root length,root diameter,root volume,root surface area,and root tip number of winter wheat seedlings were studied,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the rational adjustment of application depth and rate based on fertilizer types in winter wheat production.The results indicated that when the application rate was F1 and the application depths were D2—D3,the tower granulation compound fertilizer had a promoting effect on the growth and development of winter wheat,with membership function values of 0.70 and 0.77 respectively(the membership function value of CK was 0.61),and the F1D3 treatment had the best effect,significantly increased root length,root volume,root surface area and root tip number compared with CK.When the application rates were F1—F3 and the application depth was D3,the agglomeration granulation compound fertilizer had a promoting effect on the growth and development of winter wheat,and the F2D3 treatment had the best effect with membership function value of 0.86,significantly increased plant height,aboveground fresh weight,total root length,root diameter,root volume,root surface area and root tip number compared with CK.When the application rates were F1—F3,and the application depths were D2—D3,the controlled-release mixed compound fertilizer had a promoting effect on the growth and development of winter wheat,and the F1D2 and F1D3 treatments had better effects with membership function values of 0.93 and 0.92 respectively,significantly increased plant height,aboveground fresh weight,root length,root volume,root surface

关 键 词：冬小麦 施肥量 施肥深度 根系形态 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学]