精密数控机床基础部件热误差控制研究综述  

Review of research on thermal error control of basic components of precision CNC machine tools

作　　者：朱旭 丁爽 ZHU Xu;DING Shuang(School of Mechanical Engineering,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,CHN)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学机械工程学院,江苏扬州225127

出　　处：《制造技术与机床》2025年第4期77-86,共10页Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool

基　　金：扬州市产业前瞻与关键核心技术项目(YZ2023023);国家自然科学基金项目(51905470)。

摘　　要：热误差是影响精密数控机床加工精度及其稳定性的重要因素。电主轴、滚珠丝杠以及支承件作为机床核心基础部件,其热误差对精密数控机床加工精度的影响显著。为进一步研究机床基础部件的热误差控制理论和技术,从共性技术、个性技术两个角度系统分析了机床热误差控制研究现状。共性技术主要有反变形技术、温度测点优化、热误差补偿、冷却介质参数优化4个方面;个性技术从机械结构设计和主动冷却结构两方面分别综述了电主轴、滚珠丝杠以及支承件热误差控制策略。最后,提出了精密数控机床热误差控制研究展望,为精密数控机床热误差控制研究和工程应用提供参考和指导。Thermal error is an important factor affecting the machining accuracy and stability of precision computer numerical control(CNC)machine tools.Electric spindles,ball screws,and supporting components are the core basic components of machine tools,and their thermal errors have a significant impact on the machining accuracy of precision CNC machine tools.To further study the theory and technology of thermal error control of machine tool basic components,the current research status of thermal error control of machine tools was systematically analyzed from the perspectives of common technology and individual technology.Common technologies mainly include anti-deformation technology,temperature measurement point optimization,thermal error compensation,and optimization of cooling medium parameters.The thermal error control strategies of electric spindle,ball screw and support parts are reviewed respectively from two aspects of mechanical structure design and active cooling structure.Finally,the research prospects of thermal error control in precision CNC machine tools were proposed,providing reference and guidance for the research and engineering application of thermal error control in precision CNC machine tools.

关 键 词：数控机床 热误差 电主轴 滚珠丝杠 支承件 

分 类 号：TG659[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]