船用柴油机大型曲轴主轴颈加工专用机床设计与研究  

Design of a specialized numerical control lathe for machining the main journal of large marine desel engine crankshafts

作　　者：霍洪旭 康广毅 战福操 HUO Hongxu;KANG Guangyi;ZHAN Fucao(Shenyang Branch,Genertec Machine Tool Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110142,CHN;Shenyang Machine Tool Automotive Equipment Co.,Ltd.,Shenyang 110142,CHN)

机构地区：[1]通用技术集团机床工程研究院有限公司沈阳分公司,辽宁沈阳110142 [2]沈阳机床成套设备有限责任公司,辽宁沈阳110142

出　　处：《制造技术与机床》2025年第4期135-141,共7页Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool

摘　　要：船用柴油机是船舶制造的“心脏”,而大型船用曲轴是制造发动机的核心部件。采用“一夹一顶,中间支撑”方式,设计了一款专用于加工大型船用柴油机曲轴主轴颈的数控车床。设计重点包括专用夹具、主轴箱、尾台、中心架和滑鞍。通过变压浮动夹紧试验和有限元法尾台顶紧力计算,优化了曲轴的装夹和加工工艺。试验结果表明,与定压夹紧相比,变压夹紧平均精度提高了3.3倍。采用有限元分析法验证了尾台顶紧力对曲轴质心偏移的影响,确定5~6 kN顶紧力满足加工需求。实际生产表明,机床各项精度、节拍及合格率均达到设计预期。Marine diesel engines is the"heart"of marine manufacturing,and large marine crankshaft is the core component of manufacturing engine.A dedicated lathe for machining the main journal of large marine diesel crankshafts is designed,adopting by means of"one-clamp-one-support with intermediate bearing"approach.The key points of design include special fixtures,headstocks,tailstocks,center rests,and sliding saddles.Through variable-pressure floating clamping tests and finite element analysis(FEA)for calculating tailstock tightening forces,the crankshaft clamping and machining processes were optimized.The test results show that the average precision of variable pressure clamping is 3.3 times higher than that of constant pressure clamping.Adopting the FEA validates the influence of tailstock tightening force on crankshaft deformation,confirming that a tightening force of 5-6 kN satisfies processing requirements.Practical production shows that all aspects of the machine’s precision,cycle time,and qualification rate meet the design expectations.

关 键 词：大型曲轴 主轴颈 专用机床 双压减压阀 顶紧力 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]