桉树叶部病原菌的分子鉴定与叶际拮抗细菌防效评价  

Molecular identification of pathogenic bacteria in Eucalyptus leaves and evaluation of the control effect of phyllosphere antagonistic bacteria

作　　者：余平福 李星语 王继春 周娟 许诗萍 何苑皞[2] 邓小军[2,3] 陈晓龙[1] YU Pingfu;LI Xingyu;WANG Jichun;ZHOU Juan;XU Shiping;HE Yuanhao;DENG Xiaojun;CHEN Xiaolong(Guangxi Daguishan State-owned Forest Farm,Hezhou 542899,Guangxi,China;College of Forestry,Central South University of Forestry&Technology,Changsha 410004,Hunan,China;Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning 530002,Guangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区国有大桂山林场,广西贺州542899 [2]中南林业科技大学林学院,湖南长沙410004 [3]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院,广西南宁530002

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2025年第3期37-46,共10页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：广西自筹经费林业科技项目(桂林科研[2022ZC]第17、24号);中央财政林草科技推广示范项目([2023]TG10号)。

摘　　要：【目的】桉树是我国三大速生树种之一,作为广西林业经济的四大支柱之一,具有重要的经济、社会和生态价值。随着种植面积的扩大,生态环境的变化以及管理不善,桉树叶部病害发生日趋严重,影响桉树生长,制约了桉树产业的健康发展。桉树生长迅速,叶部病害初期难以发现,成灾后导致叶片大面积脱落,植株生长时间缩短,生长缓慢,造成了重大经济损失。明确桉树叶部病害病原种类,探索桉树叶部病害生物防治方法,制定合理的病害防治方案。【方法】基于柯赫法则进行致病性测定,明确病原菌,利用形态学特征、rDNAITS序列分析对病原菌进行鉴定,同时采用平板对峙法从桉树叶表微生物中筛选病原菌拮抗菌,并对其进行鉴定,并开展了生防细菌的防效评价,为病害的生物防治提供基础。【结果】从大桂山国有林场桉树叶部分离出4种病原真菌,分别为F202310093、F202310094、F202310095、F202310096,其导致的叶部病害症状与林间发病症状一致,结合形态学特征、rDNA-ITS序列分析4种真菌分别为果生炭疽菌Colletotrichum fructicola、兰花炭疽菌C.cliviicola、暹罗炭疽菌C.siamense和桉树垫壳孢Coniella quercicola。平板对峙法筛选出对以上4种病原菌均有明显拮抗作用的菌株B2311001,经形态学及16s rDNA序列分析,鉴定其为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtillis。拮抗细菌的防效优于嘧菌酯,其中对果生炭疽菌的盆栽防效为84.01%,其次为暹罗炭疽菌,防效为83.67%,防治效果最低为桉树垫壳孢,林间防效为81.33%。【结论】研究结果首次报道兰花炭疽菌、暹罗炭疽菌为桉树叶部病害病原菌。本研究筛选了桉树叶部病原菌的拮抗细菌,丰富了桉树叶部病害生防资源,为桉树叶部病害生物防治提供理论基础。【Objective】Eucalyptus is one of the three fast-growing tree species in China,and as one of the four pillars of Guangxi's forestry economy,it has important economic,social and ecological values.With the expansion of planting area,the change of ecological environment and poor management,the occurrence of Eucalyptus leaf diseases is becoming more and more serious,which affects the growth of Eucalyptus and restricts the healthy development of Eucalyptus industry.Eucalyptus grows rapidly,leaf diseases are difficult to detect in the early stage,and after the disaster,the leaves are lost in a large area,the plant growth cycle is shortened,and the growth is slow,causing significant economic losses.In order to identify the diseases pathogenic fungi,enriching the biological control resources of Eucalyptus leaf diseases and formulate a reasonable disease control plan.【Method】Based on the Koch rule to determine the pathogenicity,identify the pathogenic fungi,use morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis to identify the pathogenic fungi,and use the plate confrontation method to screen the pathogenic antagonistic bacteria from the surface of Eucalyptus leaves,and identify them,and the evaluation of the control efficacy of biocontrol bacteria was also carried out,so as to provide a basis for the biological control of the Eucalyptus leaf diseases.【Result】The results showed that four pathogenic fungi were isolated from the leaves of eucalyptus trees in Da Gui Shan Stateowned forest farm,namely F202310093,F202310094,F202310095 and F202310096,and the leaf disease symptoms caused by them were consistent with the onset symptoms of forest disease.Combined with morphological characteristics and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis,the four fungi were Colletotrichum fructicola,C.cliviicola,C.siemese and Coniella quercicola.The strains B2311001 with obvious antagonism to the above four pathogenic fungi were screened and identified as Bacillus subtillis by plate confrontation method which identified as Bacillus subtil

关 键 词：桉树 病原菌 分离 鉴定 拮抗细菌 

分 类 号：S792.39[农业科学—林木遗传育种]