主要针叶林分地位级指数模型构建与立地质量评价  

Construction of site class index model and site quality evaluation for major coniferous stands

作　　者：吴恒 许先鹏 孙昌平 黄贝 刘浪 马永康 WU Heng;XU Xianpeng;SUN Changping;HUANG Bei;LIU Lang;MA Yongkang(Southwest Survey and Planning Institute,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming 650031,Yunnan,China;Department of Forest Sciences,University of Helsinki,Helsinki FI-00014,Finland)

机构地区：[1]国家林业和草原局西南调查规划院,云南昆明650031 [2]赫尔辛基大学林学系,芬兰赫尔辛基FI-00014

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2025年第3期78-88,97,共12页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：森林资源监测与评价国家财政专项(2130207);国家林业和草原局西南调查规划院科技项目(2023-09)。

摘　　要：【目的】在“碳达峰碳中和”战略背景下,科学的立地质量评价是森林生态系统可持续经营的前提。长期以来缺少对全国尺度森林立地质量的准确评价,在森林质量精准提升的要求下,严重制约了森林经营技术的发展与提高,建立全国主要针叶林分地位级指数模型是森林经营管理的基础性工作,对林业生产实践具有现实指导意义。【方法】根据全国主要针叶林分样地数量情况,划分了16个针叶树种组,采用Richards、Logistic和Korf模型拟合导线曲线,建立地位级指数模型,并进行落点检验和适用性检验,运用4期连续清查数据进行地位级动态变化分析。【结果】建立的主要针叶林分地位级指数模型导向曲线决定系数均值均大于0.90,Richards模型拟合所有针叶树种决定系数均值最大,标准估计误差均值最小,分别为0.95和1.03,Richards模型具有更强的普遍适用性,但铁杉、油杉、赤松、油松、华山松、马尾松6个优势树种林分的上限渐近线参数偏离合理值,选择Logistic模型作为导向曲线;落点检验结果值均大于90%,可以在实际生产中使用,采用幼龄林评价森林立地质量会出现跳级现象,进而导致评价结果的不确定性,生产实践中应尽可能对采用中龄林、近熟林和成熟林进行评价;基于第6次清查至第9次清查的连续数据分析表明全国针叶林分地位级Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级合计增长了7.38%,Ⅲ级合计增长了1.82%,Ⅳ级和Ⅴ级合计减少了9.20%,比较典型的针叶林分包括冷杉林等10个针叶林分,铁杉林、油杉林、赤松林、黑松林、高山松林和其他松林则出现地位级占比波动情况。【结论】地位级指数模型具有简单、实用、通用等优点,但平均树高容易受经营措施等影响导致评价结果存在动态性和不确定性,在林业生产实践中应尽量避免人为干扰导致的影响。基于基准年龄分析全国主要针叶林分平均高呈上升【Objective】Under the strategic background of “carbon peak carbon neutrality”,scientific site quality evaluation is the prerequisite for sustainable management of forest ecosystems.For a long time,there has been a lack of accurate evaluation of forest site quality on a national scale.Under the requirements for precise improvement of forest quality,it had restricted the development and improvement of forest management technology.The establishment of a national coniferous forest site class index model is the basis for forest management,which has practical guiding significance for forestry practice.【Method】Based on the number of major coniferous forest sample plots in the country,16 conifer species groups were divided,Richards,Logistic and Korf models were used to fit the guide curves,a site class index model was established,and implementation and applicability tests were conducted.Four continuous inventory data were used to analyze dynamic changes in site quality.【Result】The mean coefficients of determination of the fitting guide curves of the site class index models were greater than 0.90.The Richards model fited all conifer stands with the largest mean coefficient of determination and the smallest mean standard estimation error,which were 0.95 and 1.03 respectively.The Richards model has stronger universal applicability,but the upper limit asymptote parameters of the six coniferous stands,which were Tsuga chinensis,Keteleeria fortune,Pinus densiflora,Pinus tabuliformis,Pinus armandii,and Pinus massoniana,deviated from reasonable values,so the logistic model was selected as the guide curve.The falling-point test results were all greater than 90%,and can be used in actual practice.Using young forests to evaluate forest site quality will lead to a grade-skipping phenomenon,which will lead to uncertainty in the evaluation results.In forest management practice,middle-aged forests,near-mature forests,and mature forests should be evaluated as much as possible.The percentage of Class I and Class II conifer

关 键 词：立地质量 地位级 动态变化 针叶林分 森林资源清查 

分 类 号：S757.2[农业科学—森林经理学]