金子山国有林场4种典型林分空间结构多样性特征  

Spatial structure diversity characteristics of four typical stands in Jinzi mountain national forest farm

作　　者：向钦 郭秋菊 艾训儒 薛卫星 王蕾 潘召龙 张强 XIANG Qin;GUO Qiuju;AI Xunru;XUE Weixing;WANG Lei;PAN Zhaolong;ZHANG Qiang(School of Forestry and Horticulture,Hubei Minzu University,Enshi 445000,Hubei,China;College of Forestry,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,Yunnan,China;College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciencess,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430000,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北民族大学林学园艺学院,湖北恩施445000 [2]西南林业大学林学院,云南昆明650224 [3]华中农业大学林学园艺学院,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2025年第3期98-106,共9页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划政府间国际科技创新合作项目(2023YFE0112800)。

摘　　要：【目的】以金子山国有林场4种典型林分为研究对象,分析对比不同林分空间结构多样性差异,确定影响林分结构多样性的主要因素,为实现区域森林可持续经营和森林质量的精准提升提供理论基础。【方法】基于常绿落叶阔叶混交天然林和杉木、柳杉、鹅掌楸3种人工林的样地实测数据,应用林分空间结构多样性评价法对4种典型林分进行分析。【结果】常绿落叶阔叶混交林林分空间结构多样性指数DFS值为0.767,结构多样性呈良好状态;柳杉林为0.578、鹅掌楸林为0.565均呈中等状态;杉木林仅为0.288,结构多样性整体呈较差状态。常绿落叶阔叶混交林在水平和垂直空间上均有较好的表达,林分中最常见的结构单元类型为参照树周围很密集随机分布3~4种树种的绝对优势木和劣势木(W_(i)=0.5、U_(i)=0/0.75、M_(i)=0.75/1、C_(i)=1),结构单元内个体间冠层连接紧密,不同树种不同大小的个体占据各自生态位,形成了资源合理分配的格局。而3种人工林林层结构和树种组成相较之下更为单一,最常见的结构组合均为4株同种(M_(i)=1)个体的伴生,影响了林分空间结构多样性的提升。【结论】丰富的树种多样性和林层结构对该地区林分形成良好的林分空间结构多样性具有决定作用,在今后林分可持续经营管理中,应着重关注树种组成多样性和林分垂直空间复杂性的构建,将有利于林分健康稳定地发展。【Objective】Four kinds of forest in Jinzi mountain national forest farm were taken as research objects to analyze and compare the differences of spatial structure diversity of different stands,and determine the main factors affecting the diversity of stand structure,so as to provide theoretical basis for realizing the sustainable management of regional forests and the accurate improvement of forest quality.【Method】Based on the measured plot data of evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed natural forest and 3kinds of Cunninghamia lanceolata、Cryptomeria fortunei and Liriodendron chinense plantations,the stand spatial structure diversity evaluation method was used to analyze four kinds of typical stands.【Result】The spatial structure diversity index(DFS) of evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest was 0.767,and the structure diversity was in a good state.The values of the Cryptomeria fortunei forest(0.578) and Liriodendron chinense forest(0.565) were medium.Cunninghamia lanceolata forest was only 0.288,and the overall structural diversity was poor.Evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests are well expressed in both horizontal and vertical spaces.The most common structural unit type in the stands is the absolute dominant and inferior trees of 3-4 species which are densely distributed randomly around the reference trees(W_(i)=0.5、U_(i)=0/0.75、M_(i)=0.75/1、C_(i)=1).The canopy connections among individuals within the structural units are tight,and individuals of different species and sizes occupy their own ecological niches,forming a pattern of rational resource allocation.However,the structure and tree species composition of the 3 artificial stands are more simple,and the most common structural combination is the concomitant of four individuals of the same species(M_(i)=1),which affects the improvement of the spatial structure diversity of the stand.【Conclusion】It is concluded that rich tree species diversity and forest layer structure play a decisive role in the formation of good sta

关 键 词：林分空间结构多样性 空间结构单元 四元分布 林层数 树种数 金子山 

分 类 号：S758.53[农业科学—森林经理学]