氮肥对银杏木材产量、微观构造及化学性质的影响  

Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on yield,microstructure and chemical properties of Ginkgo biloba wood

作　　者：袁梦 国靖[1,2,3] 汪贵斌[1,2,3] YUAN Meng;GUO Jing;WANG Guibin(State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China;College of Forestry and Grassland/College of Soil and Water Conservation,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing 210037,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学林木遗传育种全国重点实验室,江苏南京210037 [2]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [3]南京林业大学林草学院,水土保持学院,江苏南京210037

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2025年第3期118-127,共10页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)重点项目(BE2022373)。

摘　　要：【目的】保障木材安全,提升木材的自给能力是国家发展的重大战略任务。通过阐明施氮水平对银杏木材产量及木材性质的影响,为银杏用材林养分管理提供理论依据。【方法】分别以对照(CK,0 kg/hm^(2))、低氮(LN,100 kg/hm^(2))、中氮(MN,200 kg/hm^(2))和高氮(HN,300 kg/hm^(2))四个不同施氮水平处理田间生长的3年生银杏苗,分析其茎生物量增量、木材纤维直径、纤维细胞双层细胞壁厚度、纤维长度、纤维长宽比、结晶度、微纤丝角及纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量变化。【结果】高氮(HN,300 kg/hm^(2))处理下银杏单株茎生物量增量显著增加,为79.20 g,较对照(CK,0 kg/hm^(2))高61.5%,木材产量显著提升。其木材微观构造及化学性质发生变化,其中木材纤维细胞直径、双层细胞壁厚度和结晶度均显著增加,分别达到24.49μm、6.51μm和48.69%,木材纤维素和木质素含量显著增加,分别达到424.23、296.69 mg/g,而银杏纤维细胞长度、长宽比、微纤丝角及半纤维素含量则随施氮量增加呈现降低趋势,其中微纤丝角稍有波动。【结论】高氮处理可显著促进银杏木材产量及纤维素和木质素含量,提高木材的结晶度,降低微纤丝角,木材力学性能有所增强,可在工业领域中广泛应用,如家具等。但高氮水平降低了纤维长宽比,增加了木质素含量,从而可能降低产品韧性、增加成本,如造纸等。因此在实际生产应用中,需根据培育目标选择合适的施氮水平。【Objective】To ensure wood safety and enhancing the self-sufficiency of wood are major strategic tasks for national development,and to provide theoretical basis for nutrient management of Ginkgo biloba forest by elucidating the effects of nitrogen application level on the yield and wood properties of G.biloba.【Method】Three year old G.biloba seedlings growing in the field were treated with control check(CK,0 kg/hm^(2)),low nitrogen(LN,100 kg/hm^(2)),medium nitrogen(MN,200 kg/hm^(2)) and high nitrogen(HN,300 kg/hm^(2)) at different nitrogen application levels.The increase in stem biomass,wood fiber diameter,double layer cell wall thickness of fiber cells,fiber length,fiber aspect ratio,crystallinity,microfibril angle,and changes in cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin content were analyzed.【Result】Under high nitrogen(HN,300 kg/hm^(2)) treatment,the biomass increment of single stem of G.biloba significantly increased,reaching 79.20 g,which was 61.5% higher than the control(CK,0 kg/hm^(2)),and the wood yield significantly increased.The microstructure and chemical properties of its wood were changed.The diameter of wood fiber cells,the thickness of double cell wall and the crystallinity increased significantly,reaching 24.49,6.51 μm and 48.69%,respectively.The contents of wood cellulose and lignin increased significantly,reaching 424.23 and 296.69 mg/g,respectively.However,the length of G.biloba fiber cells,length-to-width ratio,microfiber angle and hemicellulose content decreased with the increase of nitrogen application,and the microfiber angle fluctuated slightly.【Conclusion】 High nitrogen treatment can significantly promote the yield of ginkgo wood and the content of cellulose and lignin,improve the crystallinity of wood,reduce microfibril angle,and enhance the mechanical properties of wood.It can be widely used in industrial fields,such as furniture.However,high nitrogen levels reduce fiber aspect ratio and increase lignin content,which may reduce product toughness and increase costs,such as in pape

关 键 词：银杏 氮肥 木材产量 木材微观构造 木材化学性质 

分 类 号：S792.95[农业科学—林木遗传育种]