徐州羊肚菌栽培中一例典型复合型病害的鉴定与分析  

Identification and analysis of a typical composite disease in Morchella mushroom cultivation in Xuzhou

作　　者：张艺嘉 潘苏皖 孙勇 周降生 Zhang Yijia;Pan Suwan;Sun Yong;Zhou Jiangsheng(School of Life Sciences,Jiangsu Normal University,Xuzhou 221116,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学生命科学学院,江苏徐州221116

出　　处：《江苏师范大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期56-61,共6页Journal of Jiangsu Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：江苏师范大学博士教师科研基金(21XSRS014);江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(KYCX22_2832)。

摘　　要：羊肚菌是一种新兴的珍稀食用菌,其栽培过程中病害的发生是造成产量和质量下降的重要因素.本研究对江苏省徐州市吕梁羊肚菌栽培基地一典型复合型病害进行实地考察,从发病子实体中分离纯化出病原菌,通过形态鉴定和分子测序鉴定出病原菌,并对病害发生原因进行了分析.结果表明,栽培菇棚子实体分化后遇低温天气,加上通气不良,导致了生理性病害(盖小、柄粗)发生.同时,由于菇棚湿度过大,细菌性病害和真菌性病害发生较为严重.细菌性病害病原菌被鉴定为米氏假单胞菌(Pseudomonas migulae),真菌性病害病原菌包括已报道的长孢卵单隔孢霉(Diploospora longispora)、三线镰刀菌(Fusarium tricinctum),以及3种疑似新病原真菌,Thelonectria sp.、Mucor sp.和高山被孢霉(Mortierella alpina).对峙实验发现,所有病原菌均能够侵入羊肚菌菌落,部分病原菌对羊肚菌菌核形成有促进作用.本研究可为北方羊肚菌栽培过程中的病害预防和栽培技术提高提供参考方法.Morchella spp.is a kind of emerging rare edible mushroom,and diseases occurred during cultivation play a significant role in decreasing the productivity and quality.In this study,a field research on a typical composite disease occurred in the cultivation base of Morchella mushroom in Xuzhou lvliang,Jiangsu province was conducted,pathogenic microbes were isolated and purified from the ill mushroom fruitbodies,and then were identified through morphological observation and molecule sequencing,and the reasons for the occurrence of the diseases were analyzed.The results indicated that low temperature and inadequate ventilation during mushroom fruitbodies cultivation in sheds have resulted in physiological illnesses(small cap and thick stem).Simultaneously,due to the high humidity in the mushroom sheds,bacterial and fungal diseases occurred seriously.The pathogenic bacterium was identified as Pseudomonas migulae.Pathogenic fungi included the reported Diploospora longispora,Fusarium tricinctum,and three newly suspected pathogenic fungi,namely Thelonectria sp.,Mucor sp.and Mortierella alpina.According to the results of the confronting experiment,all the pathogenic microbes could invade into the Morchella importuna colonies,and some of them had promoting effects on the formation of Morchella importuna sclerotia.These findings can offer guidance on the prevention of Morchella spp.diseases in northern China and improve cultivation techniques.

关 键 词：羊肚菌 生理性病害 米氏假单胞菌 长孢卵单隔孢霉 

分 类 号：S567.34[农业科学—中草药栽培]