基于电化学阻抗谱的锂离子电池电滥用失效预警研究  

Study of Electrical Abuse Failure Early Warning of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy

作　　者：袁奥特 蔡涛[1] 刘政辰 罗航宇 Yuan Aote;Cai Tao;Liu Zhengchen;Luo Hangyu(State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Technology,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan,430074,China)

机构地区：[1]强电磁技术全国重点实验室(华中科技大学),武汉430074

出　　处：《电工技术学报》2025年第7期2306-2321,共16页Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委-智能电网联合基金重点项目资助(U1966214)。

摘　　要：为提升储能系统的供能安全性和可靠性,防控由于电滥用引起的电池失效,对锂离子电池过充滥用和过放滥用下的阻抗变化规律进行了研究,该文提出基于电化学阻抗谱(EIS)的电池电滥用失效预警方法。实验结果表明,10Hz处的阻抗实部可作为电滥用预警的特征阻抗,其在电池过充失效和过放失效之前均会呈现极小值的典型特征。以特征阻抗的曲率为输入,基于聚类算法实现了电池电滥用失效的在线预警技术。通过在不同充放电倍率下进行电池失效测试实验,验证了方法的有效性和适应性。所提算法在过充失效中至少提前313s发出预警,在过放失效中至少提前114s发出预警。该算法可为电池管理系统的充放电策略提供参考,有效防止电滥用导致的电池失效,提升电池系统的运行稳定性和使用寿命。Lithium-ion batteries are booming in new energy generation and electric vehicles,but poor safety is a key constraint to their development.Severe electrical abuse can induce battery failure or thermal runaway,which will affect the lifetime and safety of the energy storage system.Batteries that are not equipped with protection devices usually experience thermal runaway under electrical abuse.Batteries equipped with protection devices(safety valve,current interrupt device(CID))can provide protection in the electrical abuse,but the irrecoverability of the device will lead to battery failure.It is difficult to achieve fast and reliable failure warning based on voltage and temperature.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)is a non-invasive method for characterizing internal information,and shows obvious advantages in safety warning.In this paper,battery failures caused by severe overcharging or overdischarging are investigated,and the corresponding early warning strategy based on EIS is proposed.The experimental results show that the method has good rapidity and reliability.It can avoid battery failure caused by electrical abuse and guarantee the safe operation of the energy storage system.Firstly,EIS scanning experiments were carried out at different temperature and state of charge(SOC).The impedance data were analyzed from multiple perspectives,including real part,imaginary part and distribution of relaxation time(DRT).And the characteristic impedance suitable for electrical abuse warning was extracted.The special impedance can reflect abnormal SOC of the battery.Secondly,the evolution rules of voltage,temperature and impedance during abuse were analyzed,and suitable failure warning criteria was extracted.The slope of the characteristic impedance turned from negative to positive before the battery failure.In order to minimize the interference of noisy data and improve the diagnosis,impedance curvature was used for safety warning.Finally,a clustering-based battery failure warning method was proposed.The method ca

关 键 词：锂离子电池 电化学阻抗谱 失效预警 过充滥用 过放滥用 聚类算法 

分 类 号：TM911[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]