基层行政处罚决定法制审核的困境与出路——兼评《行政处罚法》第五十八条  

The Dilemma and Way out of Legal Review of Grassroots Administrative Punishment Decisions——Commenting on Article 58 of The Administrative Punishment Law

作　　者：骆涌 尚海龙[2] 张云鹏 Luo Yong;Shang Haiong;Zhang Yunpeng(Baoding Emergency Management Bureau,Baoding Hebei 071000;School of Law,Hebei University,Baoding Hebei 071000,China)

机构地区：[1]保定市应急管理局,河北保定071000 [2]河北大学法学院,河北保定071000

出　　处：《河北科技师范学院学报(社会科学版)》2025年第1期81-87,共7页Journal of Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology(Social Sciences)

基　　金：河北省法学会2024年度法学理论研究课题“基层行政处罚决定法制审核制度实证研究”[HBF(2024)C001]。

摘　　要：《行政处罚法》第五十八条规定未通过法制审核不得作出重大行政处罚决定,给予法制审核人员否决权。但是,现实中“审核”容易演变成为“背书”。基层行政执法工作中法制审核流于形式,法制审核岗位缺乏吸引力等问题亟待解决。法制审核意见不应具有决定性效力,应当定位在法律专业人员为行政机关负责人及案件承办人员提供的参考意见,审核范围应当涵盖依据普通程序作出的所有行政处罚决定。建议整合法制审核制度与公职律师制度,鼓励基层行政执法人员考取法律职业资格,以公职律师身份承担法制审核工作,适时修改《行政处罚法》。Article 58 of the Administrative Punishment Law stipulates that no major administrative punishment decision could be made without legal review,and veto power should be granted to legal reviewers.However,reviewoften devolves into mere endorsement in practice.Issues should be tackled such as the formalism of legal review in grassroots administrative law enforcement and unattended legal review positions.Legal review opinions should not possess definitive authority but should instead serve as reference advice provided by legal professionals to administrative agency leaders and case handlers.The scope of review should encompass all administrative punishment decisions made under general procedures.The legal review system should be integrated with the public lawyer system,grassroots law enforcement personnel should be encouraged to obtain legal professional qualifications and undertake legal review roles as public lawyers,and the Administrative Punishment Law should be mended in due course.

关 键 词：行政处罚 法制审核 法律职业资格 公职律师 只议不决 

分 类 号：D922.11[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]