澳洲坚果核心种质的初步构建  

Preliminary Study on Constructing the Core Germpalsm of Macadamia

作　　者：吴超[1,2] 李志强 陶亮 马静[1,2] 李婷玉 李扬[1,2] 耿建建 宫丽丹 WU Chao;LI Zhiqiang;TAO Liang;MAJing;LI Tingyu;LIYang;GENG Jianjian;GONG Lidan(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Jinghong 666100,China;Macadamia Agricultural Engineering Research Center of Yunnan Province,Jinghong 666100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100 [2]云南省澳洲坚果农业工程研究中心,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《热带农业科技》2025年第2期1-7,共7页Tropical Agricultural Science & Technology

基　　金：云南省科技人才与平台计划(202405AD350061);云南省农业联合专项(202301BD070001-092);农业农村部热带作物种质资源保护项目(21240124)。

摘　　要：构建澳洲坚果的核心种质是提升澳洲坚果种质资源利用效率的关键策略。本研究基于208份澳洲坚果种质资源的全基因组重测序数据,利用Core Hunter软件和基因覆盖度指标,构建了一套核心种质。通过遗传多样性、等位基因和主成分分析等方法对构建的核心种质进行综合评估,共鉴定出5470885个SNP标记,并以此为基础进行分析。最终筛选出41份种质作为核心种质,其中美国种质11份(26.83%),澳大利亚种质12份(29.27%),中国种质18份(43.90%)。在18份国内种质中,包含了经实生选种(11份)、杂交育种(5份)和诱变育种(2份)途径获取的种质。核心种质与原始种质的平均观测杂合度(分别为0.193和0.202)、平均期望杂合度(分别为0.311和0.274)、平均Nei遗传多样性(分别为0.315和0.275)、平均香浓维纳指数(分别为0.481和0.434)、平均多态信息含量(分别为0.256和0.228)均显示出较高的一致性。此外,10种基因型在核心种质和原始种质中的比例几乎一致,次等位基因的分布差异很小。另外,核心种质的主成分分布图和原始种质的分布图的趋势相吻合。本研究构建的核心种质能够有效代表原始种质的遗传变异,为澳洲坚果种质资源的高效利用提供了科学依据。Constructing the core germplasm of Macadamia nut is the key strategy to improve the utilization efficiency of Macadamia nut germplasm resources.Based on the genome-wide resequencing data of 208 Macadamia germplasm resources,a set of core germplasm was constructed by using Core Hunter software and gene coverage index.The core collection was comprehensively evaluated by genetic diversity,allele and PCA analysis.The study identified 5,470,885 SNP markers and analyzed them based on them.Finally,41 accessions were selected as core accessions,including 11 accessions from USA (26.83%),12 accessions from Australia (29.27%) and 18 accessions from China (43.90%).Among the 18 domestic germplasms,there are germplasms obtained by seedling selection (11),cross breeding (5) and mutation breeding (2).The average observed heterozygosity of the core germplasm and the original germplasm are 0.193 and 0.202 respectively,while the average expected heterozygosity are 0.311 and 0.274 respectively.The average Nei genetic diversity is 0.315 and 0.275respectively,the average Shannon-Weaver index is 0.481 and 0.434 respectively,and the average polymorphic information content is 0.256 and 0.228 respectively.In addition,the proportion of 10 genotypes in core germplasm and original germplasm is almost the same;There is little difference in the distribution of secondary alleles.Additionally,the principal component distribution map of the core germplasm coincides with the trend of the original germplasm.The above results show that the core germplasm constructed in this study can effectively represent the genetic variation of the original germplasm and provide scientific basis for the efficient utilization of macadamia germplasm resources.

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 种质资源 核心种质 SNP 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]