101份澳洲坚果种质资源果实性状综合分析  

Analysis and Evaluation of Fruit Characters in 101 Macadamia Germplasm Resources

作　　者：宫丽丹[1] 马静[1] 李志强 吴超[1] GONG Lidan;MA Jing;LI Zhiqiang;WU Chao(Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Jinghong 666100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《热带农业科技》2025年第2期13-18,共6页Tropical Agricultural Science & Technology

基　　金：云南省科技人才与平台计划(202405AD350061);云南省农业联合专项(202301BD070001-092);农业农村部热带作物种质资源保护(21240124)。

摘　　要：果实性状是澳洲坚果重要的遗传特性,本研究以农业部景洪澳洲坚果种质资源圃中101份澳洲坚果种质为材料,对11个果实性状数据采用三维主成分分析(PCA-3D)和层次聚类分析(HCA)等开展综合分析。结果表明,101份澳洲坚果种质的11个果实性状数据总体成正态分布,具有丰富的遗传多样性,变异系数范围9.76%~76.33%,果颈长、果实横径的变异系数分别为最大、最小。主成分分析表明,11个果实性状分为3个主成分,累计贡献率为61.31%,PCA1主要是壳果纵径、果实横径、壳果横径和果实纵径,PCA2是果颈长、果顶长、果柄长,PCA3是果壳厚度和果皮厚度。系统聚类分析表明,在欧式距离为7.0处可将101份澳洲坚果种质划分为4个类群,第Ⅲ类群果皮厚度、果壳厚度均显著低于其他类群,果仁横径、果仁纵径中等,具有较高的果实育种利用潜力。Fruit traits are important genetic characteristics of Macadamia nut.In this study,101 Macadamia germplasm from Jinghong Macadamia ermplasm resource nursery of the Ministry of Agriculture were used as materials.The data of 11 fruit traits were comprehensively analyzed by three-dimensional principal component analysis(PCA-3D) and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA).The results showed that the 11 fruit traits of 101 Macadamia nut germplasm were normally distributed with rich genetic diversity.The coefficient of variation ranged from 9.76% to 76.33%.The coefficient of variation of fruit neck length and fruit transverse diameter were the largest and the smallest,respectively.Principal component analysis showed that the 11 fruit traits were divided into 3 principal components,and the cumulative contribution rate was 61.31%.PCA1 was mainly the longitudinal diameter of shell fruit,transverse diameter of fruit,transverse diameter of shell fruit and longitudinal diameter of fruit,PCA2 was the length of fruit neck,fruit apex and fruit stalk,and PCA3 was the thickness of fruit shell and fruit peel.The results of systematic cluster analysis showed that 101 Macadamia germplasm could be divided into 4 groups at the Euclidean distance of 7.0.The peel thickness and shell thickness of Group III were significantly lower than those of other groups,and the transverse diameter and longitudinal diameter of kernel were medium,which had high fruit breeding potential.

关 键 词：澳洲坚果 种质资源 果实性状 主成分分析 系统聚类 

分 类 号：S664.9[农业科学—果树学]