气刺短线割胶对死皮橡胶树复割干胶产量的影响  

Effect of Micro-cut Tapping on Yield of Tapping Panel Dryness Trees in Hevea brasiliensis

作　　者：曹庆兰 刘毅 杨清华 聂平辉 张强皓 李明谦 CAO Qinglan;LIU Yi;YANG Qinghua;NIE Pinghui;ZHANG Qianghao;LI Mingqian(Forestry College of Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;Yunnan Natural Rubber Industry Group Jiangcheng Co.,LTD,Pu'er 665999,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization Research on Rubber Tree,Jinghong 666100,China;Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Jinghong 666100,China)

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学林学院,昆明650224 [2]云南天然橡胶产业集团江城有限公司,云南普洱665999 [3]云南省天然橡胶可持续利用研究重点实验室,云南景洪666100 [4]云南省热带作物科学研究所,云南景洪666100

出　　处：《热带农业科技》2025年第2期98-104,共7页Tropical Agricultural Science & Technology

基　　金：云南天然橡胶产业集团江城有限公司李明谦专家基层科研工作站(云人社通[2022]17号);国家天然橡胶产业技术体系西双版纳综合试验站(CARS-33-YN1)。

摘　　要：随着胶园老化,产胶潜力下降,弃管弃割老龄胶园日益增多。为激活无人管理胶树的产胶潜能,针对低产老龄胶园开展气刺短线割胶,以充分挖掘老龄橡胶树的产胶能力。对云南天然橡胶产业集团江城公司63.51 hm^(2)橡胶林地中的5495株死皮橡胶树进行乙烯气体刺激复割,采用S/8短线阴刀割胶,d3割制,每15 d充气一次,每充气周期割5刀,共计10周期,记录每刀次产量,年底停割进行死皮调查。通过比较2023年正常割胶的平均产量和死皮率,分析气刺短线割胶对死皮橡胶树产量和再死皮现象的影响。结果显示:对照组平均株产为3.75 kg,死皮率为15.70%;气刺短线割胶平均株产为5.32 kg,复割死皮率15.10%;与正常割胶相比,死皮橡胶树气刺株产提高了41.87%,死皮发生率持平。气刺短线割胶技术在挖掘死皮橡胶树产量、经济效益等方面效果明显。With the aging of the rubber plantation,the potential of rubber production decreased,and the number of old rubber plantations that were abandoned was increasing.In order to activate the rubber production potential of unmanaged rubber trees,micro-cut tapping was carried out for low-yield aged rubber plantations to fully tap the rubber production capacity of aged rubber trees.The 5 495 tapping panel dryness trees in Hevea brasiliensis in the 63.51 hm^(2) rubber forest land of Jiangcheng Company of Yunnan Natural Rubber Group were re-cut by ethylene gas stimulation.The S/8 micro-cut inclined upward tapping was used to cut the rubber,cut once every three days,inflated once every 15 days,cut 5 knives in each inflation cycle,a total of 10 cycles,record the yield of each knife,stop tapping at the end of the year and investigate the tapping panel dryness trees in Hevea brasiliensis.By comparing the average yield and tapping panel dryness rate of normal tapping in 2023,the effects of micro-cut tapping on the yield and re-tapping panel dryness trees in Hevea brasiliensis were analyzed.The results showed that the average yield of the control group was 3.75 kg,and the tapping panel dryness rate was 15.70%.The average yield of micro-cut tapping was 5.32 kg,and the rate of re-cutting tapping panel dryness was 15.10%.Compared with normal tapping,the yield of tapping panel dryness Hevea brasiliensis increased by 41.87%,and the tapping panel dryness rate was flat.Pneumatic micro-cut tapping technology has obvious effects on tapping the yield and economic benefits of tapping panel dryness trees in Hevea brasiliensis.

关 键 词：橡胶树 气刺微割 死皮病 干胶产量 

分 类 号：S794.1[农业科学—林木遗传育种]