低热释放低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃复合材料的研究  

Research on Low Heat Release Low-Smoke Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Polyolefin Composite Materials

作　　者：曾斌 黄敏建 ZENG Bin;HUANG Minjian(Far East New Materials Co.,Ltd.,Yixing 214200,China;Far East Cable Co.,Ltd.,Yixing 214200,China)

机构地区：[1]远东新材料有限公司,宜兴214200 [2]远东电缆有限公司,宜兴214200

出　　处：《电线电缆》2025年第3期50-55,共6页Wire & Cable

摘　　要：以聚烯烃树脂为基体,氢氧化镁、氢氧化铝为阻燃剂,采用密炼造粒工艺制备了低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃复合材料,并研究了树脂、阻燃剂、硅酸盐类阻燃协效剂,以及磷氮阻燃剂等对低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃复合材料热释放速率峰值和热释放总量的影响。结果表明,乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer,EVA)、聚烯烃弹性体(polyolefin elastomer,POE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(linear low density polyethylene,LLDPE)等3种树脂对热释放速率峰值和热释放总量的影响从大到小依次为POE、LLDPE、EVA,低热释放材料中应尽量减少POE的使用;使用氢氧化镁与氢氧化铝复配比单独使用氢氧化铝或氢氧化镁的热释放速率峰值(peak heat release rate,PHRR)和热释放总量(total heat release,THR)低,其中当氢氧化镁与氢氧化铝的复配比例为1∶5时,材料的热释放最小;有些硅酸盐类阻燃协效剂在燃烧后虽然炭层完整度好,但燃烧后的热释放较大,这可能是由于使用的有机改性剂类型不同或有机改性剂含量高,使材料在燃烧初期更容易被点燃;磷氮类阻燃剂可与氢氧化铝搭配使用,不仅能降低材料的热释放,还能进一步增强炭层强度,而磷系阻燃剂与氢氧化镁搭配使用反而会导致材料的阻燃性能下降。Using polyolefin resin as matrix,metal hydroxides magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide as flame retardants,low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant polyolefin composite materials were prepared by compounding granulation process.Effects of resin,flame retardant,silicate flame retardant synergist,and phosphorus nitrogen flame retardant on peak heat release rate(PHRR) and total heat release(THR) of low-smoke halogen-free flame retardant polyolefin composite materials were studied.Results showed that effects of three resins including ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer(EVA),polyolefin elastomer(POE),and linear low-density polyethylene(LLDPE) on PHRR and THR were POE,LLDPE,and EVA in descending order.Therefore,the use of POE should be minimized in low heat release materials.Compared with the use of aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide alone,PHRR and THR of magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide were lower.When the ratio of magnesium hydroxide to aluminum hydroxide was 1∶5,heat release of composite materials was the smallest.Although some silicate flame retardant synergists had good carbon layer integrity after combustion,heat release after combustion was larger,which might be due to different types of organic modifiers used or high content of organic modifiers,making composite materials easier to ignite in the early stages of combustion.Phosphorus nitrogen flame retardants could be used in combination with aluminum hydroxide to not only reduce heat release of composite materials,but also further enhance strength of carbon layer,while combination of phosphorus flame retardants with magnesium hydroxide could actually cause a decrease in flame retardancy of composite materials.

关 键 词：低烟无卤 低热释放总量 低热释放速率峰值 电缆材料 锥形量热仪 磷氮阻燃剂 

分 类 号：TM247[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]