牦牛日粮中棉籽粕替代50%豆粕和添加复合营养添加剂的应用效果研究  

Study on the application effect of replacing 50%soybean with cotton meal and adding compound nutrition additive in yak diet

作　　者：吴陆处 吴建平 黄燕玲 毛进彬 邓启红 沈常欢 游茵洁 WU Luchu;WU Jianping;HUANG Yanling;MAO Jinbin;DENG Qihong;SHEN Changhuan;YOU Yinjie(Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu,Sichuan Province 610000,China;Animal Husbandry Science Institute of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Kangding,Sichuan Province 626000,China;Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture Animai Husbandry Station,Kangding,Sichuan Province 626000,China;Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences,Chongqing 400000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学畜牧兽医学院,四川成都610000 [2]甘孜藏族自治州畜牧业科学研究所,四川康定626000 [3]甘孜藏族自治州畜牧站,四川康定626000 [4]重庆市畜牧科学院,重庆400000

出　　处：《中国饲料》2025年第7期151-157,共7页China Feed

基　　金：油菜秸秆饲料化高效利用技术研究与应用(2022YFN0063);四川肉牛创新团队建设项目(sccxtd-2023-13);牦牛高效养殖关键技术与集成应用研究(280330013501)。

摘　　要：为研究牦牛日粮中棉籽粕替代50%豆粕以及日粮中添加复合营养添加剂对牦牛生长性能、常见激素指标、血清生化指标的影响,本试验采用2因素2水平试验设计,2种因素分别为复合营养添加剂和棉籽粕,2个水平分别为日粮中棉籽粕是否替代50%豆粕、日粮中是否添加复合营养添加剂。选取40头(160.9±17.5)kg年龄为3周岁左右的健康公牦牛,随机分为4个处理组(D1组:日粮中棉籽粕替代50%豆粕+复合营养添加剂;D2组:玉米豆粕型精料+复合营养添加剂;D3组:日粮中棉籽粕替代50%豆粕,不添加复合营养添加剂;D4组:精料为玉米豆粕型,不添加复合营养添加剂),每个处理组10个重复,每个重复1头牦牛。预饲期10 d,正式期90 d。结果表明:(1)日粮中棉籽粕替代50%豆粕时试验牦牛的平均日增重(ADG)提高了16.30%(P<0.05),平均日采食量(ADFI)提高了4.38%(P<0.05);日粮中是否添加复合添加剂和两个因素的交互作用对试验牦牛的ADG、ADFI、F/G均无显著影响(P>0.05)。(2)日粮中棉籽粕替代50%豆粕时血清中的胰岛素样生长因子(IGF-1)含量提高了43.45%(P<0.01);日粮中添加复合营养添加剂时血清中胰岛素(INS)含量提高了28.40%(P<0.05),生长激素(GH)含量提高了12.57%(P<0.05),IGF-1的浓度提高了36.87%(P<0.01);两个因素的交互作用对INS、GH和IGF-1均无显著影响(P>0.05)。(3)日粮中棉籽粕替代50%豆粕时血清中总胆固醇(TC)的含量提高了26.73%(P<0.05);日粮中添加复合营养添加剂时尿素氮(UN)的含量降低了22.40%(P<0.01),谷丙转氨酶(ALT)的含量降低了15.93%(P<0.05);两个因素的交互作用对血清中甘油三酯(TG)指标有显著影响,即D2组、D3组、D4组的TG浓度相对D1组分别降低42.86%、40.82%、38.78%(P<0.05);其余指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,牦牛日粮中棉籽粕替代50%豆粕和日粮中添加复合营养添加剂均可以提高牦牛的生长性能,优化血清生化指标,提高常见激�In order to study the effects of replacing 50%soybean meal with cotton meal and the addition of compound nutritional complex additives in diet on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes of yaks,a 2×2 factor design was used in this study.The two factors were additive and cotton meal,and the two levels were whether 50%soybean meal was replaced by cotton meal and whether the compound nutritive additive were added in diet.40 healthy male yaks[(160.9±17.5)kg]aged about 3 years old were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 10 replicates in each group and 1 yak per replicate.D1 group:diet with cotton meal replacing 50%soybean meal with compound nutritional additive added;D2 group:diet with whole soybean meal with compound nutritional additive added;D3 group:diet with cotton meal replacing 50%soybean meal without compound nutritional additive added;D4 group:whole soybean meal diet without compound nutritional additive added.The trial took 10 d for adaptation and 90 d for the experiment.The results were as follows:(1)The average daily gain(ADG)of yaks was increased by 16.30%(P<0.05)and average daily food intake(ADFI)was increased by 4.38%(P<0.05)when 50%soybean meal was replaced by cotton meal;ADG,ADFI and F/G of yaks were not significantly affected by compound additive supplementation and the interaction of the two factors(P>0.05).(2)Serum insulin-like growth factor(IGF-1)content was increased by 43.45%when 50%soybean meal was substituted by cotton meal(P<0.01),serum insulin(INS)content was increased by 28.40%(P<0.05),growth hormone(GH)content was increased by 12.57%(P<0.05),IGF-1 concentration was increased by 36.87%(P<0.01)when compound nutrient additives were added to the diet,while the interaction of the two factors exerted no significant effect of INS,GH and IGF-1 contents(P>0.05).(3)The content of total cholesterol(TC)in serum increased by 26.73%when 50%soybean meal was replaced by cottonseed meal(P<0.05).The urea nitrogen(UN)content was decreased by 22.40%(P<0.01),and the alanine amino transferase(

关 键 词：牦牛 棉籽粕替代豆粕 复合营养添加剂 应用效果 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]