不同比例和发酵时间对青稞秸秆与菊苣植株混合青贮品质的影响  

Effects of different proportions and fermentation times on the quality of mixed silage of highland barley straw and chicory plants

作　　者：王廷艳 王伟[1,3] 石凡涛 张铭 WANG Tingyan;WANG Wei;SHI Fantao;ZHANG Ming(College of Eco-Environmental Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai Province 810001,China;Qinghai Provincial Forage Technology Promotion Station,Xining,Qinghai Province 810000,China;Northwest Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Conservation and Marginal Land Improvement,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Delingha,Qinghai Province 817000,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海西宁810001 [2]青海省饲草料技术推广站,青海西宁810000 [3]农业农村部西北耕地保育及边际土地改良重点实验室,青海德令哈817000

出　　处：《中国饲料》2025年第7期167-175,共9页China Feed

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFD1602304);青海省昆仑英才·乡村振兴人才项目(2023年)。

摘　　要：为低成本提升青稞秸秆发酵品质,本试验采用混合青贮的方式,探究青稞秸秆和菊苣植株的不同混合比例与发酵时间对其混合发酵品质的影响。试验共设置6组,按青稞秸秆和菊苣植株混合时质量重设定纯青稞秸秆CK组(100%+0%)、QJ1组(90%+10%)、QJ2组(80%+20%)、QJ3组(70%+30%)、QJ4组(60%+40%)和QJ5组(50%+50%),并在第30、50天和70天开袋检测其青贮品质和营养成分等指标。结果表明:随着菊苣植株添加比例的增加其发酵品质得到明显改善,其中:感官评价中QJ5组最好,且在发酵第30天和50天时综合评分最高,分别为13.33分和14分;发酵品质和营养成分评价时QJ5组最好,与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),在不同时间段内其pH,氨态氮和中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维含量低,乳酸、乙酸和粗蛋白质、水溶性碳水化合物含量高;饲喂品质分析时QJ5组最好,显著高于CK组(P<0.05),相对饲喂价值(RFV)和相对饲喂质量(RFQ)值70 d>30 d>50 d,且在混贮第70天时QJ4组与QJ5组间RFV值差异不显著(P>0.05);经主成分和隶属函数法分析,QJ5组(发酵30 d)>QJ5组(发酵70 d)>QJ4组(发酵70 d)。基于秸秆饲料化利用、经济效益和饲用价值综合考虑,建议青稞秸秆与菊苣植株混贮时按质量重50%+50%(发酵时间30 d/70 d)或60%+40%(发酵时间70 d)添加为宜。In order to improve the fermentation quality of highland barley straw at low cost,this experiment used mixed silage to explore the effects of different mixing ratios and fermentation time of highland barley straw and chicory plants on their mixed fermentation quality.Six groups were set up in the experiment,and the pure highland barley straw CK group(100%+0%),QJ1 group(90%+10%),QJ2 group(80%+20%),QJ3 group(70%+30%),QJ4 group(60%+40%)was reset according to the mixing quality of highland barley straw and chicory plants.The results showed that the fermentation quality of chicory was obviously improved with the increase of the proportion of chicory plants,among which:QJ5 group was the best in sensory evaluation,and the comprehensive score was the highest on the 30th and 50th day of fermentation,with 13.33 points and 14 points respectively;When evaluating the fermentation quality and nutritional components,QJ5 group was the best,which was significantly different from the control group(P<0.05).In different time periods,its pH,ammonium nitrogen and neutral detergent fiber,acidic detergent fiber content were low,while lactic acid,acetic acid,crude protein and water-soluble carbohydrate content were high.When analyzing the feeding quality,QJ5 group was the best,which was significantly higher than CK group(P<0.05).The relative feeding value(RFV)and relative feeding quality(RFQ)values were 70 d>30 d>50 d,and there was no significant difference between QJ4 group and QJ5 group at the 70th day of mixed storage(P>0.05).By principal component analysis and membership function analysis,QJ5 group(fermentation 30 d)>QJ5 group(fermentation 70 d)>QJ4 group(fermentation 70 d).Based on the comprehensive consideration of straw feed utilization,economic benefit and feed value,it was suggested that 50%+50%by mass(fermentation time 30 d/70 d)or 60%+40%(fermentation time 70 d)should be added when highland barley straw and chicory plants were mixed.

关 键 词：青稞秸秆 菊苣植株 混合比例 青贮品质 

分 类 号：S816.6[农业科学—饲料科学]