玉米小区播种机阻断型气吸式排种器设计与试验  

Design and test of the blocking type air-suction seed metering device for maize plot seeder

作　　者：宋庆斌 毕于彬 赵鹏飞 董建鑫 黄玉祥[1,2] 郑义 SONG Qingbin;BI Yubin;ZHAO Pengfei;DONG Jianxin;HUANG Yuxiang;ZHENG Yi(College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Equipment,Yangling 712100,China;Qingdao Eplot Machinery Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266000,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,杨凌712100 [2]陕西省农业装备工程研究中心,杨凌712100 [3]青岛亿禾田园机械有限公司,青岛266000

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2025年第4期1-9,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2000401-2)。

摘　　要：针对玉米小区机械播种小区间过道宽度一致性差的问题,该研究提出精准阻断排种盘吸附的多余种子进入投种区的技术思路,设计了一种阻断型气吸式排种器。合理规划了被阻断种子的运动轨迹,对阻种阶段的玉米种子进行了力学和运动学分析。基于最速曲线原理,确定了阻断机构的关键参数。以阻断板触发关闭动作的反应距离和关闭状态持续距离为试验因素,进行二因素六水平全因子台架试验。结果表明,上一小区最后多吸附1粒种子的概率为33.33%,下一小区提前多吸附1粒种子的概率为10.00%;阻断板触发关闭动作后反应距离和关闭状态持续距离对阻断效果影响显著;当反应距离为1.2 m、持续距离为0.8 m时,能成功阻断排种盘相邻小区间4个吸孔,且不对正常待播种子造成影响。通过田间试验对最优工作参数进行验证,结果表明,阻断型气吸式排种器阻断成功率为100%,小区间过道宽度变异系数为4.19%;变异系数较传统气吸式排种器减少了9.47个百分点,表明采用阻断型气吸式排种器的玉米小区播种机作业后小区间过道对齐效果较优,阻断机构满足实际作业要求。研究可为玉米小区播种机的进一步改进提供技术参考。Thousands of plots can be required to sow in the breeding fields.The seeds cannot be mixed among plots,due to different varieties need to be sown in each plot.A plot seeder can be used to fully meet the requirements,such as continuous and interval sowing.Therefore,the seeder needs to be frequently cleaned and replace seeds,which is different from the field seeder.Fortunately,neatly arranged aisles can be expected to strengthen the isolation between varieties and mutual influence.At the same time,it is convenient to walk in the aisle between plots,in order to conduct the field surveys during harvesting.However,the seeds can be inevitably sown on the aisle between plots,particularly in the existing maize plot planters.Two reasons can be attributed to the excessive seeding in the seed metering device.One,the seeds in the seed filling cavity cannot be cleaned in time,resulting in the seed plate absorbing the excess seeds.Another,the seed plate is filled with the seeds too early at the moment when the seeds of the next plot enter the seed-filling cavity.Furthermore,air-suction seed metering devices have been widely used in most plot precision seeders,due to their better seeding performance.In this study,a blocking-type airsuction seed metering device was designed to improve the consistency of aisle width between maize plots.The technical idea was extended to accurately block the excess seeds that were adsorbed by the seed plate into the seed-throwing area.A blocking function was added to the traditional plot seed metering device.The filling-cleaning-changing functions were shifted to the continuous filling-blocking-cleaning-changing operations of the plot seed metering device.The movement trajectory of the blocked seeds was reasonably planned.Mechanical and kinematic analyses were conducted on the maize seeds in the seedblocking stage.The key parameters of the blocking mechanism were determined,according to the brachistochrone curve.The brachistochrone curved surface was used to simulate the contact surface between th

关 键 词：农业机械 玉米 种子 小区播种机 气吸式排种器 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]