冷浸田立式锥辊主动挤压沟垄定型装置设计与试验  

Design and experiment of the upright cone roller active extrusion ridge and furrow shaping device for cold waterlogged paddy field

作　　者：张和 蒋啸虎 吴明亮[1,2] 刘光辉 王成伟[1] 罗海峰 ZHANG He;JIANG Xiaohu;WU Mingliang;LIU Guanghui;WANG Chengwei;LUO Haifeng(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Modern Agricultural Equipmen,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学机电工程学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南省现代农业装备工程技术研究中心,长沙410128

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2025年第4期21-31,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300305);湖南省教育厅资助科研项目(22B0188);水稻节水栽培技术与装备研发项目(湘财农指[2024]39号);湖南省油料产业技术体系项目(HARS-03)。

摘　　要：针对传统开沟起垄装置在土壤黏重、湿度大的冷浸田条件下作业面临沟垄难以定型、沟型稳定性较差等问题,该研究采用先旋耕起垄再二次主动挤压的作业方式,设计了一种立式锥辊主动挤压沟垄定型装置。根据土壤挤压和沟垄定型原理,对厢面压辊和立式锥辊结构参数进行了优化设计,对机具前进速度、沟垄定型装置转速及旋耕刀轴转速进行了合理匹配。通过单因素试验明确了土壤含水率、垄体角度和机具前进速度对沟宽和垄高稳定性的作用规律;通过EDEM仿真,以机具前进速度、沟垄定型装置转速和旋耕刀轴转速为试验因素,以沟顶宽稳定性系数和土壤回流率为评价指标,进行了二次正交旋转组合试验,得到较优参数组合,即当机具前进速度为0.56 m/s、沟垄定型装置转速为92.25 r/min、旋耕刀轴转速为194.56 r/min时,沟顶宽稳定性系数为93.52%,土壤回流率为6.75%;田间试验结果表明,主动挤压沟垄定型装置作业后垄高为186 mm、沟顶宽为351 mm、垄顶宽为1 710 mm、微沟宽为45 mm、微沟深为22 mm;垄高、沟顶宽、垄顶宽、微沟宽和微沟深稳定性系数分别为95.36%、91.90%、92.65%、96.52%和95.77%,其中沟顶宽稳定性系数与仿真结果基本一致;相比于传统开沟起垄装置作业效果,垄高、沟顶宽和垄顶宽稳定性系数分别提高6.90、7.78和6.88个百分点。各项指标均满足冷浸田机械化沟垄定型作业要求。Cold waterlogged paddy fields can be characterized by the heavy and humid soil.The challenges remain to form the well-defined ridges and furrows.However,the traditional ridging and furrowing apparatuses cannot fully meet the large-scale production using the relatively low stability of furrow configurations.In this study,an operational approach was proposed as the initial ridging of rotary tillage,followed by the secondary active extrusion.Consequently,a ridge shaping device was devised with the vertical conical roller using active extrusion.The structural parameters and installation positions of the device were determined during operation,according to the soil extrusion and ridge-furrow formation.Additionally,the force analysis was conducted on both the compartment surface pressure roller and the vertical conical roller.An optimal matching was established for the forward velocity of the machinery(ranging from 0.56 to 1.11 m/s),the rotational speed of the furrow and ridge shaping device(70-130 r/min),and the rotational speed of the rotary tillage cutter shaft(120-220 r/min).The experiments of soil bin were carried out to clarify the effects of soil moisture content,ridge angle,and tool forward speed on the stability coefficients of furrow width and ridge height.The combination of parameters was achieved in the soil moisture content of 32.97%,the ridge angle of 60°,and the tool forward speed of 0.56 m/s.A virtual soil trough was constructed with the machinery forward velocity and the rotational speed of the ridge-furrow shaping device.A quadratic,orthogonal and rotational experiment was carried out,taking as the rotational speed of the rotary tillage cutter shaft serving as the experimental variables,and the stability coefficient of the furrow top width and the soil backflow rate as the evaluation criteria.Variance analysis and regression equation analysis were then performed for the stability coefficient of the furrow bottom width and the soil backflow rate,followed by significance testing.A nonlinear mathematica

关 键 词：农业机械 冷浸田 立式锥辊 沟垄定型 EDEM仿真 

分 类 号：S225.93[农业科学—农业机械化工程]