不同蛋白质水平饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸对牦牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵及养分表观消化率的影响  

Effects of Rumen-protected Methionine Supplementation in Diets with Different Protein Levels on Growth Performance,Rumen Fermentation and Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients in Yaks

作　　者：赖秋爽 黎凌铄 李姝熠 田维 余青婷 张康林 李德鹏 刘骏 姜菲 彭忠利[1] 吴建平 黄艳玲[1] LAI Qiushuang;LI Lingshuo;LI Shuyi;TIAN Wei;YU Qingting;ZHANG Kanglin;LI Depeng;LIU Jun;JIANG Fei;PENG Zhongli;WU Jianping;HUANG Yanling(College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine of Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;Institute of Animal Husbandry Scienc,Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Kangding 626000,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学畜牧兽医学院,成都610041 [2]甘孜藏族自治州畜牧业科学研究所,康定626000

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2025年第4期1567-1578,共12页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：四川肉牛创新团队建设项目(sccxtd-2024-13);油菜秸秆饲料化高效利用技术研究与应用(2022YFN0063);牦牛高效养殖关键技术与集成应用研究(280130033501)。

摘　　要：【目的】试验旨在探究不同蛋白质水平饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸(rumen-protected methionine, RPM)对牦牛生长性能、瘤胃发酵参数及养分表观消化率的影响,以期为舍饲牦牛养殖中饲粮蛋白质水平及RPM适宜添加量提供参考。【方法】采用2×3双因素试验设计,分别设置2个蛋白质水平:低(13%)、高(15%)蛋白质水平和3个RPM水平:0、0.05%和0.10%。选取36头体重(225.29 kg±30.59 kg)、体尺接近的4岁健康公牦牛,随机分为6个处理组,每个处理组6个重复,每个重复1头牛,单栏单饲,预饲期10 d,试验期60 d。分别在试验第66~69和70天时采集饲料样、粪样和瘤胃液,用于测定牦牛的生长性能、养分表观消化率和瘤胃发酵参数指标。【结果】(1)饲粮蛋白质水平对牦牛平均日干物质采食量(average daily dry matter intake, ADMI)无显著影响(P>0.05),但相较13%蛋白质组,15%蛋白质组牦牛平均日增重(average daily gain, ADG)显著提高(P<0.05)且料重比(feed to gain ratio, F/G)显著降低(P<0.05)。RPM水平对牦牛ADMI和F/G无显著影响(P>0.05),但有增加ADG的趋势(P=0.051)。饲粮蛋白质水平及RPM水平对牦牛ADMI存在一定的交互作用(P=0.058)。(2)饲粮蛋白质水平对牦牛瘤胃pH和微生物蛋白质(microbiological proteins, MCP)含量均无显著影响(P>0.05),但有增加瘤胃氨态氮(NH_(3)^(-)N)含量的趋势(P=0.091)。饲粮RPM水平对瘤胃pH、MCP和NH_(3)^(-)N无显著影响(P>0.05)。饲粮蛋白质水平及RPM水平对牦牛瘤胃NH_(3)^(-)N含量存在一定的交互作用(P=0.092)。与13%蛋白质组相比,15%蛋白质组牦牛瘤胃丙酸含量显著升高(P<0.05),瘤胃丁酸(P=0.066)、异丁酸(P=0.073)、戊酸(P=0.053)、异戊酸(P=0.056)含量均有升高的趋势。饲粮RPM水平对牦牛瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸(volatile fatty acid, VFA)浓度无显著影响(P>0.05),饲粮蛋白质水平和RPM水平对瘤胃VFA含量无显著交互作用(P>0.05)。(3)与13%蛋白质组相比,15%蛋白质组牦【Objective】This experiment aimed to explore the effects of supplementing rumen-protected methionine(RPM)to diets with different protein levels on the growth performance,rumen fermentation and nutrient apparent digestibility of yaks,so as to provide a reference for dietary protein level and RPM supplementation of house-feeding yaks breeding.【Method】A 2×3 two-factor experimental design was adopted in this experiment.Two protein levels were low(13%)and high(15%),and three RPM levels were 0,0.05%and 0.10%.A total of thirty-six 4-year-old healthy male yaks with similar body weight(225.29 kg±30.59 kg)and body size were selected and randomly divided into six treatment groups.Each treatment group had six replicates,and each replicate had one yak.Single pen and single feeding were adopted.The pre-trial period was 10 d,followed by a formal trial period of 60 d.Samples of feed,faeces and rumen fluid were collected on 66-69 and 70 d of experiment for determining the growth performance,apparent digestibility of nutrients and rumen fermentation parameters of yaks.【Result】①Dietary protein levels had no significant effect on average daily dry matter intake(ADMI)of yaks(P>0.05),but compared with 13%protein group,average daily gain(ADG)of yaks in 15%protein group was significantly higher(P<0.05),and feed to gain ratio(F/G)was significantly lower(P<0.05).The RPM supplementation had no significant effect on ADMI and F/G(P>0.05),but tended to increase ADG(P=0.051).There was a trend of interaction between dietary protein levels and RPM levels on ADMI in yaks(P=0.058).②Dietary protein levels had no significant effect on rumen pH and microbiological proteins(MCP)(P>0.05),but had a tendency to increase the content of NH_(3)^(-)N(P=0.091).There was no significant effect of dietary RPM levels on rumen pH,MCP and NH_(3)^(-)N(P>0.05).There was a trend of interaction between dietary protein levels and RPM levels on rumen NH_(3)^(-)N content in yak(P=0.092).Compared with 13%protein group,content of propionic acid was higher(P

关 键 词：牦牛 蛋白质水平 过瘤胃蛋氨酸 生长性能 瘤胃发酵 养分表观消化率 

分 类 号：S816.4[农业科学—饲料科学]