冷应激对动物能量代谢的影响及其分子调控研究进展  

Research Progress on the Effects of Cold Stress on Animal Energy Metabolism and Its Molecular Regulation

作　　者：李亚娟 宋科林 李杰[1] 张亚丽 梁毓豪 李瑶 滚双宝[1,2] 高小莉 LI Yajuan;SONG Kelin;LI Jie;ZHANG Yali;LIANG Yuhao;LI Yao;GUN Shuangbao;GAO Xiaoli(College of Animal Science and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Gansu Research Center for Swine Production Engineering and Technology,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省现代养猪工程技术研究中心,兰州730070

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2025年第4期1616-1626,共11页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U22A20507);甘肃农业大学公招博士科研启动基金项目(GAU-KYQD-2021-04);甘肃农业大学畜牧学养猪产业技术创新团队(GAU-XKTD-2022-25);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR5RA874)。

摘　　要：冷应激是畜牧业发展常见且不可避免的应激因素,可引起动物体温下降、食欲减退、生长速度减缓、免疫功能下降以及疾病易发等现象,给养殖生产造成巨大的经济损失。动物在遭受冷应激时,机体通过加快脂质、糖类等能源物质代谢,以增强对寒冷的适应能力。作者总结冷应激对脂质代谢和糖代谢指标影响的研究进展发现,在冷应激下,不同动物机体动员能量代谢产热的能力存在差异;通过深入探讨腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMP-activated protein kinase, AMPK)、过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, PPAR)、PPARγ共激活因子(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α,PGC-1α)、激素敏感性脂肪酶(hormone-sensitive lipase, HSL)及冷诱导RNA结合蛋白(cold-inducible RNA-binding protein, CIRP)等代谢相关分子和信号通路在调控线粒体生物发生、糖原分解和脂肪酸代谢等方面的功能机制,从分子层面揭示了动物机体调控能量代谢的适应性机制,为深入了解动物在寒冷环境下的代谢机制及提高中国寒冷地区畜禽生产性能和养殖效益提供理论依据。Cold stress is a common and inevitable stress factor in the development of animal husbandry,which can cause animal temperature drop,appetite loss,growth rate slowdown,immune function decline,disease susceptibility,etc.,resulting in huge economic losses for breeding production.When animals suffer from cold stress,the body accelerates the metabolism of energy substances such as lipids and sugars to enhance the ability to adapt to cold.Therefore,the authors reviewed the research progress on the effects of cold stress on lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism indexes and found that different animals had different abilities to mobilize energy metabolism and produce heat under cold stress.By further exploring the functional mechanisms of AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR),peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α(PGC-1α),hormone-sensitive lipase(HSL)and cold-inducible RNA-binding protein(CIRP)in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis,glycogenolysis and fatty acid metabolism,the adaptive mechanism of animal body regulating energy metabolism was revealed from the molecular level.This paper aimed to provide theoretical basis for understanding the metabolic mechanism of animals in cold environment and improving the production performance and breeding benefits of livestock and poultry in cold areas in China.

关 键 词：冷应激 能量代谢 调控机制 

分 类 号：S852.21[农业科学—基础兽医学] Q494[农业科学—兽医学]