金属催化剂在水体硝酸盐电催化脱硝中的研究进展  

The Research Progress of Metal Catalysts in Electrocatalytic Nitrate Denitrification in Water Bodies

作　　者：杨园园 裴加景 刘晰 YANG Yuanyuan;PEI Jiajing;LIU Xi(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学化学化工学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]上海交通大学化学化工学院,上海200240

出　　处：《宁夏大学学报(自然科学版中英文)》2025年第1期40-58,77,共20页Journal of Ningxia University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(22272106)。

摘　　要：水体中的硝酸盐污染已成为全球亟需解决的生态与健康问题.近年来,电催化硝酸盐脱硝技术因高效、环保的特点,逐渐成为备受关注的生态环境问题解决方案.深入理解和掌握金属催化剂表界面上硝酸盐还原反应的机理,是设计、合成电催化硝酸盐还原反应中高效金属催化剂的关键.通过合理设计催化位点、调控协同效应与电子的相互作用,可显著提高金属催化剂的电催化活性、选择性与稳定性,进而有效降低反应活化能,优化中间体的吸附能量分布,从而促进硝酸盐高效转化为NH_(3)或N_(2).系统总结单(双)金属催化剂在电催化硝酸盐还原反应中的最新研究进展,深入分析催化脱硝反应中的催化机理、主要类型及协同效应,并探讨单(双)金属催化剂在实际应用中的优势与挑战,旨在为金属催化剂的相关研究和工业应用提供一定的参考.Nitrate pollution in water bodies has become a pressing ecological and health issue requiring global attention.In recent years,electrochemical nitrate denitrification technology has become a promising solution,gaining attention for its high efficiency and environmental benefits.In this field,gaining a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of nitrate electro-reduction at the metal catalyst surface has become crucial for designing and synthesizing efficient metal catalysts.By rationally designing and regulating the synergistic effects and electronic interactions between catalytic sites,metal catalysts can significantly enhance their activity,selectivity,and stability.This reduces the activation energy of reactions,optimizes the adsorption energy distribution for intermediates,and promotes the efficient conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas or ammonia.This paper systematically reviews the latest advancements in monometallic and bimetallic catalysts for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction,providing an in-depth analysis of their catalytic mechanisms,main types,and synergistic effects.Furthermore,the paper explores the advantages and challenges of these catalysts in practical applications,aiming to provide guidance and insights for future research and industrial applications.

关 键 词：脱硝技术 硝酸盐 金属催化剂 电催化 还原反应 

分 类 号：O643.3[理学—物理化学]