细胞外囊泡在细菌和病毒感染中的免疫调控作用  

Immune Regulatory Roles of Extracellular Vesicles in Bacterial and Viral Infections

作　　者：吴一鸣 赵刚 王玉炯 WU Yiming;ZHAO Gang;WANG Yujiong(Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Conservation and Utilization of Special Biological Resources in Western China,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;School of Life Sciences,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学西部特色生物资源保护与利用教育部重点实验室,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏大学生命科学学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《宁夏大学学报(自然科学版中英文)》2025年第1期68-77,共10页Journal of Ningxia University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U22A20505,32473030)。

摘　　要：细胞外囊泡(extracellular vesicles,EVs)是一种由细胞分泌、具有膜包裹的异质颗粒.近年来,EVs因可通过运输蛋白质、RNA等生物分子至靶细胞,以调节细胞免疫反应或致病过程,而引起人们极大兴趣.尽管细胞在正常和异常条件下释放EVs的生物发生已得到充分研究,但对于病原体感染如何影响EVs的生物发生,来自宿主细胞的EVs,在病原体感染期间对免疫反应的调控机制尚不明确.受感染细胞分泌的EVs组分包含宿主和病原体来源的特定分子,这些分子可能有助于病原体致病或增强宿主抗感染免疫反应能力.就近年来有关EVs在细菌和病毒感染中的免疫调节及致病作用研究进展进行总结.Extracellular vesicles(EVs),membrane-enclosed heterogeneous particles secreted by cells,have garnered significant attention for their ability to transport bioactive molecules(e.g.,proteins and RNA)to recipient cells,thereby modulating immune responses or pathogenic processes.While the biogenesis of EVs under physiological and pathological conditions has been extensively characterized,the mechanisms by which pathogen infections influence EVs release and how host-derived EVs regulate immune responses during infections remain poorly understood.EVs secreted by infected cells contain both host-and pathogen-derived molecules,which may either promote pathogen virulence or enhance host anti-infective immunity.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in understanding the dual roles of EVs in immune regulation and pathogenesis during bacterial and viral infections.

关 键 词：细胞外囊泡 生物发生 免疫反应 细菌感染 病毒感染 

分 类 号：R52[医药卫生—内科学] R37[医药卫生—临床医学]