基于GIS的过去百年鄂尔多斯湖泊水域变迁及相关问题研究  

A GIS-Based Study on the Changes in Water Areas of Ordos Lake Over the Past Century and Related Issues

作　　者：赵珍 苏绕绕[3] ZHAO Zhen;SU Raorao(Huaqiao University;Renmin University of China;Guangzhou University)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学 [2]中国人民大学 [3]广州大学

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报(人文社会科学版)》2025年第1期44-56,共13页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“清朝西北边疆经略史”(20&ZD230);广州市博士后科研项目“历史时期藏传佛教与环境变化研究”(20241016)。

摘　　要：利用有关鄂尔多斯高原的方志档案文献、各类古旧地图、调查资料和地理信息数据,复原了过去百年高原内流区湖泊的演变。结果显示,湖泊水域消长空间分布存在差异,部分水域呈破碎化趋势。结合该区域的气候—水文背景可知,高原中东部湖泊演变和季风进退(干湿变化)对应较好,但在西部不明显。这些差异的出现,同水体与季风区的距离、人类活动的强度、土地利用率与覆被情况等多重因素的影响有关。经对本区域过去百年为基准时间的延伸考察,发现人居空间分布对水环境和气候变化的响应具有很强的生态敏感性,近两千年来基本遵循这一机制。可见,200~400 mm年等降水量线是鄂尔多斯高原的生态基因,在中国环境史研究中需承认历史进程中原生态的相对性,尤在环境变化背景下,需考虑科技进步与区域生态安全之间的关系。This paper reconstructs the evolution of lakes in the endorheic region of the Ordos Plateau over the past century by utilizing local chronicles,archival documents,various historical maps,survey data,and geographic information data.The results indicate spatial variations in the expansion and contraction of water areas of the lake,with some water bodies showing a trend of fragmentation.Considering the climate-hydrological background of the region,the evolution of lakes in the central and eastern parts of the plateau corresponds well with monsoon fluctuations(wet-dry variations),whereas this correlation is less evident in the western part.These differences are influenced by multiple factors,including the distance of water bodies from the monsoon region,the intensity of human activities,land use rates,and vegetation cover conditions.A longitudinal study extending over the past century as a baseline reveals that the distribution of human settlements is highly sensitive to changes in the water environment and climate,a pattern that has been consistently followed for nearly two thousand years.The research results indicate that the 200~400 mm annual precipitation isohyet represents the ecological foundation of the Ordos Plateau.In the study of China’s environmental history,it is essential to acknowledge the relativity of pristine ecology throughout historical processes.Particularly in the context of environmental change,the relationship between technological advancements and ecological security in this region must be considered.

关 键 词：鄂尔多斯高原内流区 湖泊 生态安全 人水关系 GIS 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]