四川省中小学生近视与超重肥胖共患现状及相关因素分析  

Prevalence and associated factors of comorbid myopia and overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students in Sichuan Province

作　　者：张福艳 周亮[2] 朱鸿斌[2] 张丽[2] ZHANG Fuyan;ZHOU Liang;ZHU Hongbin;ZHANG Li(Zigong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zigong,Sichuan 643000,China;Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention)

机构地区：[1]自贡市疾病预防控制中心,四川自贡643000 [2]四川省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《华南预防医学》2025年第2期179-183,共5页South China Journal of Preventive Medicine

基　　金：四川省现场流行病学培训项目第七期。

摘　　要：目的 了解中小学生近视与超重肥胖共患现况,探索其影响因素,为建立儿童青少年常见病“共病-共因-共防”机制提供科学依据。方法 2023年,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,抽取四川省18个市的小学四年级至高中三年级217 393名学生进行身高和体重测量、近视筛查和问卷调查。不同组间差异性检验采用χ^(2)检验,近视与超重肥胖共患病的影响因素分析采用多因素logistic回归模型。结果 共纳入中小学生213 609名,近视率为65.82%(140 593例),超重肥胖率为23.47%(50 132例),二者共患率为15.26%(32 596例)。完全达到24 h活动指南推荐量是学生近视与超重肥胖共患病的保护因素(OR=0.858),此外,性别、民族、学段、经济区、家庭结构也对共患病的发生具有显著影响(均P<0.01)。结论 四川省中小学生近视、超重肥胖与二者共患率较高,根据性别、民族、学段、经济区、家庭结构不同采取针对性干预措施;完全达到24 h活动指南推荐量能降低近视与超重肥胖共患病的发生。Objective To investigate the prevalence of comorbid myopia and overweight/obesity among primary and secondary school students,explore its influencing factors,and thereby provide a scientific basis for establishing a"co-morbidity,shared etiology,shared prevention"mechanism for common diseases in children and adolescents.Methods In 2023,a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 217393 students from fourth grade in primary school to third grade in high school in 18 cities in Sichuan Province.These students underwent height and weight measurements,myopia screenings,and questionnaire surveys.Differences between groups were tested using the χ^(2) test,and factors influencing the comorbidity of myopia and overweight/obesity were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model.Results A total of 213609 primary and secondary school students were included,the myopia rate was 65.82%(140593 cases),the overweight/obesity rate was 23.47%(50132 cases),and the comorbidity rate of both conditions was 15.26%(32596 cases).Fully meeting the 24-hour movement guideline was a protective factor for comorbid myopia and overweight/obesity(OR=0.858).Additionally,gender,ethnicity,school grade,economic region,and family structure also had significant impacts on the occurrence of comorbidity(all P<0.01).Conclusions The prevalence rates of myopia,overweight/obesity,and their comorbidity are relatively high among primary and secondary school students in Sichuan Province.Targeted interventions should be implemented based on gender,ethnicity,school grade,economic region,and family structure.Fully meeting the 24-hour movement guideline can reduce the incidence of comorbid myopia and overweight/obesity.

关 键 词：近视 超重 肥胖症 共患病 学生 影响因素 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]