煤矿井下特种钻进工艺技术研究进展与思考  

Research progress and thinking on specialized drilling technology in underground coal mine

作　　者：刘建林 刘飞 李泉新 方俊 刘桂芹 王四一 褚志伟 赵建国 杨伟锋 LIU Jianin;LIU Fei;LI Quanxin;FANG Jun;LIU Guiqin;WANG Siyi;CHU Zhiwei;ZHAO Jianguo;YANG Weifeng(CCTEG Xi’an Research Institute(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Xi’an 710077,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司,陕西西安710077

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2025年第2期239-254,共16页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2022YFC3005604-02);国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(42472380);陕西省科技计划资助项目(2024GXYBXM-483)。

摘　　要：特种钻进工艺技术是煤矿井下钻进工艺技术体系的重要组成部分,核心是采用特殊钻探技术方法和机具针对特殊的工况条件来实现特定的钻探目标,对于实现煤矿重大地质灾害防治和地质透明化具有重要现实意义。梳理了特种钻进工艺技术的典型应用场景:碎软煤层瓦斯超前区域精准治理、顶板采动卸压瓦斯“以孔代巷”抽采、矿井探放水及隔水层注浆加固,深入分析了应用过程中存在的关键技术难点。围绕钻进设备改进、钻进方法创新和钻进参数优化,全面阐述了特种钻进工艺技术的发展现状、关键技术进展和应用效果,明确了适应于碎软煤层、坚硬岩层、破碎–水敏性地层的特种钻进工艺技术特征,剖析了目前面临的主要技术问题与挑战。针对煤矿井下特种钻进工艺技术呈现出需求多样化、装备智能化、区域特色化的发展特征,提出了下一步攻关方向:(1)进一步完善碎软煤层气动定向钻进技术,加快提升地层适应性和工艺匹配性;(2)持续攻关坚硬岩层高效钻进提速技术及配套工具,加快提升冲击钻具破岩效率和使用寿命;(3)攻克煤矿井下近水平条件下精细控压钻进理论桎梏和技术瓶颈,加快提升破碎–水敏性等复杂顶底板岩层钻进成孔能力;(4)加快提升煤矿井下智能化钻探技术与装备的可靠性和稳定性,推动实现特种钻进由“装备智能”向“工程智能”的转变;(5)研究构建区域级、矿区级、矿井级特种钻进工艺技术体系,推动其在煤矿行业的广泛应用和深入发展。研究可为煤矿井下钻进工艺技术革新和效率提升提供重要参考。Specialized drilling technology is a critical component of drilling technology system in underground coal mine.Its core lies in adopting specialized drilling method and equipment to address unique working conditions and achieve specific drilling objectives,playing a vital role in preventing major geological disasters and advancing geological transparency in underground coal mine.The typical applica-tion scenarios of specialized drilling technology are summarized,such as precise gas control in soft-fragmented coal seam,replacing tun-nel with borehole for relieved gas drainage in roof,mine water detection and release,and grouting reinforcement of water-resisting layer.It delves into the key technical challenges encountered during implementation.Focusing on drilling equipment upgrade,innovative drilling method,and drilling parameter optimization,the study comprehensively reviews the current development status,critical technological ad-vancements,and practical outcomes.The specialized drilling technology suitable for soft-fragmented coal seam,hard rock strata,and frac-tured and water sensitive strata are outlined,and the existing technical bottlenecks and challenges are identified.Given the evolving trends of diversified demand,equipment intelligence,and region-specific adaptation in underground specialized drilling technology,future re-search priorities are proposed:①To enhance air directional drilling technology for soft-fragmented coal seam to improve formation adapt-ability and process compatibility.②To advance high-efficiency drilling acceleration technology and tool for hard rock strata to boost rock-breaking efficiency and service life of impact drilling tool.③To overcome theoretical and technical barrier in pressure-controlled drilling under near-horizontal condition to strengthen borehole formation capability in fractured and water-sensitive strata of roof or floor.④To accelerate the improvement of the reliability and stability of intelligent drilling technology and equipment in underground coal mine

关 键 词：特种钻进 碎软煤层 坚硬岩层 破碎–水敏性地层 灾害治理 问题与挑战 

分 类 号：TD823[矿业工程—煤矿开采]