基于疏水降压法井筒渗水模拟试验与应用研究  

Experimental and applied research on wellbore water seepage simulation based on hydrophobic depressurization method

作　　者：李昂[1,2] 杨钧皓 张文忠 李远谋 薛智轩 范六一 田胜祺 LI Ang;YANG Junhao;ZHANG Wenzhong;LI Yuanmou;XUE Zhixuan;FAN Liuyi;TIAN Shengqi(Colloge of Civil and Architetural Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Coalmine Water Hazard Control,Xi’an 710077,China;Xi’an Research Institute of China Coal Technology and Engineering Group,Xi’an 710054,China;SCEGC No.3 Construction Engineering Group Company Ltd.,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院,陕西西安710054 [2]陕西省煤矿水害防治技术重点实验室,陕西西安710077 [3]中煤科工西安研究院(集团)有限公司,陕西西安710054 [4]陕西建工第三建设集团有限公司,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2025年第2期301-313,共13页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上资助项目(51874229);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点资助项目(2020JZ-52);陕西省煤矿水害防治技术重点实验室开放基金资助项目(2020SKZD02)。

摘　　要：随着我国煤炭资源不断向深部开发,复杂的岩层赋存条件对井筒的建设和使用带来很大挑战。深部立井经常穿越多层含水层,顶板承压水造成的井壁渗水问题尤为严重,不仅威胁到矿井安全,还给传统的注浆治理方法带来挑战,如成本高、施工难度大和渗漏重复等问题。为此基于疏水降压理论建立了一套可视化相似模拟试验平台,模拟了不同岩层、不同放水孔数条件下的井壁水压、放水孔流量变化,分析了放水孔流速与渗流规律、地下水降落漏斗形态发育规律以及渗流水压和井壁压力变化规律,并以彬长文家坡煤矿为例开展了现场疏放水试验。结果表明:出水口流速随管道通径增大而增大;双孔涌水流量相比单孔增幅较大,三孔涌水量增幅较小;距井越近水位降深越大,降落漏斗影响范围随放水孔数增加而增大,单层放水试验降落漏斗形状与降水孔保持对称状,漏斗底端呈现锥形。放水初期水压下降快,后期趋于稳定;将模拟试验结果应用于现场,通过在文家坡煤矿主副井之间打疏放水孔,进行单孔和双孔放水试验,单孔稳定涌水量为75 m^(3)/h、双孔稳定涌水量为175 m^(3)/h,试验显著降低了地下水位,并形成了最大降深达40 m的降落漏斗,现场实测与相似模拟试验结果较为吻合,验证了疏水降压治理方法的科学性和实际效果。研究成果有助于推动深部顶板承压含水层影响下井筒渗水防治技术的进步。With the continuous development of China’s coal resources to the deep end,the complex conditions of rock stratum existence bring great challenges to the construction and use of shafts.Deep vertical shafts often traverse multi-layer aquifers,and the seepage prob-lem of the shaft wall caused by roof pressure water is particularly serious,which not only threatens the mine safety,but also brings chal-lenges to the traditional grouting management methods,such as high cost,difficult construction and repeated seepage problems.In this re-gard,a set of visual similar simulation experiment platform was established based on the hydrophobic pressure reduction theory,simulated the water pressure of the well wall and the change of the flow rate of the water discharge holes under the conditions of different rock form-ations and different number of water discharge holes,analyzed the flow rate and seepage law of the water discharge holes,the develop-ment law of the morphology of the groundwater landing funnels,and the change law of the seepage water pressure and the pressure law of the well wall.And take Binchang Wenjiapo coal mine as an example to carry out on-site water discharge test.The results show that:the flow rate at the outlet increases with the increase of pipe diameter;the water flow rate of two holes increases more than that of a single hole,and the water flow rate of three holes increases less;the closer to the well,the deeper the water level drops,the influence range of the landing funnel increases with the increase of the number of discharge holes,the shape of the landing funnel of the single-layer water dis-charge experiment is kept symmetrically with the descending holes,and the bottom end of the funnel shows a conical shape.The water pressure decreases quickly in the early stage of water discharge,and tends to stabilize in the later stage;the results of the simulation experi-ment are applied to the field,and the single-hole and double-hole water discharge tests are carried out by drilling sparse discharge hole

关 键 词：含水层 井筒水害 相似模拟 降落漏斗 疏水降压法 

分 类 号：TD745[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]